Dissertações em Psicologia (Mestrado) - PPGP/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2330

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2005 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia (PPGP) do Instituto de Filosofia de Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Restou (in)frutífero: reflexões psicanalíticas sobre o não-todo dizer de crianças no Depoimento Especial do Judiciário Amapaense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) GUEDES, Elizabeth do Socorro Moraes; NICOLAU, Roseane Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0430583046421802; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-943X
From the dialogue between Psychoanalysis and Law, prompted by psychoanalytic praxis within the Judiciary System of Amapá, this research emerged in the context of the Santana County Court. It was here that the first clinical-political inquiries regarding the Special Testimony arose-a type of institutional interview conducted in a room equipped with an extensive audio and video system, where the Judge can observe and ask questions through a trained professional capable of interpreting and adapting them to the language of children and adolescents involved in judicial proceedings, either as witnesses or victims of abuse and/or sexual crimes. The procedure aims to crown a set of legislative, legal, and political practices focused on maximizing the reliability of testimonies presented in court and protecting victims and witnesses of crimes in Brazil. Due to some children’s behavior or testimonies not meeting the institution's expectations of attaining factual truth, such cases were redirected to psychological listening under the label “proved fruitless”, which, having become a significant term, assumed the central theme of this dissertation. The initial hypothesis was that, when confronted with unconscious manifestations, the social actors within the legal scene conclude that reaching the truth is impossible, and thus the child's testimony cannot be validated as evidence, leaving the case marginalized, in a residual space within the institution. From this standpoint, the aim of this research was to analyze the impossibility of fully verbalizing the experience by children in the Special Testimony, based on the concept of the subject, articulated with the psychoanalytic concept of objet a. The “Remainder,” as formulated by Lacan, when linked to the theme of this dissertation, led to various paths, revealing what is strange, obscure, repulsive, and unsettling in human experience, which emerges daily in courtrooms across the country. Regarding methodology, the psychoanalytic method, specific to research in Psychoanalysis, was adopted, supported by the works of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, as well as contributions from contemporary authors in the fields of Law and Psychoanalysis. “Case fragments” will be presented, based on the psychoanalytic listening of children, to explore singularity and, in doing so, facilitate the articulation between psychoanalytic theory and practice. As a result, it was concluded that psychoanalytic listening has its place within the Judiciary, as what may remain "fruitless" during the Special Testimony or any other listening context in the Judiciary can, in fact, become fruitful for psychoanalytic praxis.
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Crise do masculino e ascenção de discursos autoritários: possíveis afinidades entre o ideal viril e a personalidade autoritária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-13) SATO, Yukimi Mori Mesquita; CORRÊA, Hevellyn Ciely da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7758199768776827; SOUZA, Mauricio Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4730551301673902; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-000X
In an attempt to define masculinity, we are generally faced with an inflexible set of attributes necessary for the identification of the subject as a man and which, at least apparently, would confirm a certain universality, being supported especially in the opposition and distancing of identifiers considered feminine. Considering that the characteristics from which men seek to distance themselves are not exclusive to feminine subjectivity, but comprise part of the human experience, the attempt by men to suppress certain emotions may be at the origin of a malaise resulting from this internal conflict which, when projected outwards, has violence as one of its possible expressions. At this point, we evidence the existence of a link between characteristics attributed to the masculine and the ideal constantly reenacted by authoritarian subjects. Thus, we seek to question masculinity sustained by the exercise of virility and established as an invariable standard and, with this, we aim to understand: how does the construction of male subjectivity based on specific ideals such as virility, strength and rationality relate to the growing naturalization of authoritarian manifestations directed at external groups – or out-groups? Does the exercise of a masculinity supported by virile ideals necessarily culminate in an authoritarian character? How may the social changes related to gender that have occurred in recent decades have impacted the male position in society and its attempt to guarantee the security of identity by returning to a virility that remains through time? In view of the aforementioned questions, we undertook a theoretical and bibliographical research, approaching the theories of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan and Theodor Adorno, from which it was possible to infer that both the attempts to homogenize masculinity and the authoritarian massification objectives follow the same unconscious trajectories: they start from the presumption of the possibility of achieving total enjoyment, an imaginary completeness, even if it has to be conquered and maintained by force. It is in this direction that the governing ideals of both spheres are supported by the emphasis on the semblance, on the ritualistic character, since the symbolic would constitute the only sphere capable of sustaining an appearance of completeness. In this way, the search for hegemony, an unquestionable totality, results from the predominance of the phallic signifier as the organizer of social ties, resulting in the categorization and hierarchization of subjects taken as objects of satisfaction of some others who are allocated in positions of dominance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepções, vivências e repercussões psicossociais a partir de um diagnóstico oncológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-31) SILVEIRA, Taynara Fidelis dos Reis; SILVA, Maria de Nazareth Rodrigues Malcher de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8378348738142000; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-7378
Cancer is one of the most feared and growing diseases in Brazil, with estimates from representative institutes indicating 704 thousand new cases of the disease in the country, for each year of the 2023-2025 period. As such, receiving an oncology diagnosis brings new possibilities for self-projection and existence in the world. The general objective of this study was to understand the perceptions and experiences of individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer and their psychosocial repercussions from this diagnosis. The methodological approach was qualitative descriptive with a phenomenological strategy, carried out in two stages: (1) theoretical study of literature and documents; and (2) empirical study on the research theme. The setting chosen for the research was the Casa de Apoio Amar é Servir, which shelters patients and their companions undergoing oncology treatment at the High Complexity Oncology Unit in the municipality of Tucuruí-PA. The research participants were three men and three women, all older adults, with low education, who received an oncology diagnosis in the period of four to ten months. The instrument used for data collection was the semi-structured interview, and the data was treated using Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological method and analysis based on Martin Heidegger. The results pointed to units of discourse on the resignification of the experience of the cancer diagnosis through spirituality and transcendence; feeling of ambivalence, even with feelings of anguish regarding worldly experiences; and presented changes in three aspects in the new reality: health care and bodily well-being, occupation, financial life, and support network. This corroborates Heidegger’s assertion that we are thrown into the world, thus, we are thrown into the midst of facticity, and it is up to our Being-there to project ourselves and find new temporal possibilities, to transcend and exist. Finally, it was observed that in the face of an oncology diagnosis, perception and experience are crossed by socioeconomic contexts and the meanings of interpersonal relationships, showing them as secondary and non-impactful. This study is original, relevant, and fundamental in the social and scientific scope, as it evidenced the narrative of the experience of a diagnosis of a disease considered fatal and the unveiling of its world and can therefore aid in strategies for professionals' care that focuses on the dimensions of the individual and not just the diagnoses themselves, in an integrated and humanized way.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Itinerário, cuidado e vivência de profissionais de saúde na atenção à pessoa em risco e crise suicida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-06) PAIVA, Samara Machado; SILVA, Maria de Nazareth Rodrigues Malcher de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8378348738142000; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-7378
Suicide is a social fact, considered a public health problem, of high complexity and multicausal, which commonly generates significant impacts on society, groups and individuals, whether in biological, psychological, economic, social and/or personal factors. Through this study, we sought to know the itinerary taken by the user at risk or in suicidal crisis in the RAPS of Belém, as well as to know the perception of health professionals who work in points of care of the suicide crisis care network. To this end, descriptive exploratory qualitative research was used, with a phenomenological strategy, in two stages: (1) theoretical study, in the scientific literature and in governmental and non-governmental documents; and (2) an empirical study with professionals who work with people at risk and in suicidal crisis. The data from the theoretical study were organized into thematic spreadsheets and analyzed for content; while the empirical study was analyzed according to the method of discourse analysis proposed by Amedeo Giorgi. The itinerary of care for users at risk and suicidal crisis in the RAPS of Belém-Pa is designed in a disjointed way between the devices, the points of care present absence/lack of communication with each other, due to technological barriers, but also relational barriers. On the other hand, the professionals present pragmatic experiences in relation to each operational role they play in the device in which they work, and showed their subjectivity about their work process experienced in the care of a crisis. Finally, this study evidenced the need to expand the Psychosocial Care Network in the care of people at risk of suicide that goes beyond the hospital focus, hospitalization, to care with devices that focus on the real dimensions and demands of the person, in the territory and in society, through an expanded clinic.
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A construção da(s) subjetividade(s) masculina(s): um percurso teórico entre Freud e Stoller
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-26) GONÇALVES, Ricardo César dos Santos; SOUZA, Mauricio Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4730551301673902; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-000X
O presente trabalho aborda a construção da(s) subjetividades(s) masculina(s) em um percurso psicanalítico inicialmente delineado por Freud e, posteriormente, ampliado por Robert Stoller. O trajeto metodológico estabelecido para esta dissertação se fundamenta a partir da pesquisa teórica em psicanálise. Entretanto, é pertinente ressaltar que, embora a pesquisa privilegie a psicanálise como seu principal aporte teórico, este trabalho não negligencia as contribuições provenientes de outras áreas do conhecimento, especialmente das abordagens sociológicas e dos estudos de gênero. O intuito desse trabalho pode ser dividido em quatro aspectos centrais: (1) demonstrar como o conceito de gênero se integrou a teoria psicanalítica; (2) conceitualizar a noção de masculinidade(s) por intermédio de um percurso histórico subdividido em três tempos – Antigo, Medieval e Moderno –, dessa forma, ratificando como o conceito pode ser mutável e interdependente de cenários sócio-históricos; (3) investigar as peculiaridades da subjetivação masculina na obra freudiana e; (4) analisar as contribuições teóricas do psicanalista norte-americano Robert Stoller, centralizando nossos esforços em examinar o conceito de “identidade de gênero”, introduzido pelo mesmo no âmbito psicanalítico. Por fim, nas considerações finais, faremos observações sobre os possíveis desdobramentos dessa pesquisa. Além disso, teceremos apontamentos críticos em relação à escassez de estudos que versam sobre os homens e a masculinidade tanto no meio psicanalítico quanto em outras produções acadêmicas brasileiras. Em última instância, espera-se que esse trabalho possa contribuir para o aprimoramento da temática proposta e, concomitantemente, servir de amparo às investigações futuras.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Missão principal: mulheres desenvolvedoras de jogos eletrônicos e o combate à violência de gênero
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) MELO, Renata Christine da Silva; ALVARENGA, Eric Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5734378044087055; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-2356
This work aimed to explore Brazilian women game developers, the hostile experiences at work and the coping strategies used by them to deal with gender violence in this environment. The methodology is based on the qualitative research approach, exploratory type, with survey through individual online interview with 10 participants and the analysis was based on the proposals of the discursive practices and production of meanings of Spink (2010). The results showed that women gamedevs of this study follow a profile according to the industry panorama, they are mostly white, inhabit mainly the southeastern region of Brazil and most of them are from the production or arts sectors. All of them experienced gender violence in some way - discrimination, harassment, micro aggressions - during their career, coming from bosses or co-workers. To face and adjust to this adverse scenario, they use survival strategies linked to the effort to normalize violence or protection (mute, refuse and avoid, adapt the work, support network...) and other strategies are more related to resistance and change (speak and impose, wear turban to be seen, therapy, support network among women, conscious management...). They also emphasized the need for individual (people, men) and collective (educational institutions, companies, media/social networks) modifying actions that should be taken by the industry with a focus on incentive, reception and permanence of girls and women in technologies and development, as well as in increasing their participation in decision-making (CEO) positions and in the education of men and dev community towards awareness of privileges and prejudices. Finally, it is expected that this work will contribute to expand our knowledge about gender, work, game development and coping strategies, but mainly to encourage future research, projects and actions that focus on solutions so that this scenario becomes more inclusive and suitable for underrepresented groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perdas significativas, luto e atividade sexual após a lesão medular: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-08) MOREIRA, Paula Silva; CORRÊA, Victor Augusto Cavaleiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1910742195880054
Objective: To describe what the studies have said about significant losses, bereavement and sexual activity after spinal cord injury. Method: This is a scoping review conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, described according to the indications of the latest version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF), with access available at: https://osf.io/x6d4n. The research question was based on the acronym PCC: Population (spinal cord injury), Concept (significant losses, bereavement and sexual activity) and Context (studies published in the literature). Five scientific databases were used: APA-PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and BVS Portal. We included studies in any language that addressed significant losses, bereavement and the sexual activity of people after spinal cord injury, without limiting the year of publication. Data was collected blindly by two independent reviewers using Google spreadsheets® and Rayyan® software, meeting the eligibility criteria. A descriptive qualitative analysis of the data was carried out and the results were presented in figures, tables, flowcharts and discursive writing. Results: 6 studies were included, which presented accounts of experiences after spinal cord injury. The data show that one of the main losses that leads to grief associated with sexual activity is bodily changes and loss/alterations in genital sensations significantly affect the sexual experience of people with spinal cord injury, and this factor was associated with feelings of loss of sexually attractive appearance, especially for women and impacted self-esteem and identity, both female and male and the process of grief elaboration was not strongly investigated and described in the studies included. Discussion: It has been shown that sexual activity is a major concern for people who have suffered a spinal cord injury and the impact of this loss can be reflected in the experience of mourning as a possibility of elaboration, whether or not it is perceived by the mourners. However, further research is needed to identify and classify the losses and grief associated or not with sexual activity, making it possible to cope better. Final considerations: There are few studies that address the losses associated with the sexual activity of people with spinal cord injuries and identify the development of grief in the face of such loss, although studies have been identified that point to this relationship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compreensão das vivências de psicólogas sobre o trabalho no hospital durante a Covid-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-07) LIMA, Natasha Cabral Ferraz de; PIMENTEL, Adelma do Socorro Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4534230240595626
The research focuses on understanding the experiences of Psychologists who worked in a hospital in Belém/Pará, the capital located in the Northern Region of Brazil, during the Covid-19 pandemic which, specifically, had significant repercussions on the lives of those who experienced it. As in all social sectors, psychological action during the pandemic period found it necessary to adjust its practice to the emerging challenges posed by Covid-19. With the aim of carrying out a study on the perceptions of psychology professionals who worked in the hospital area during the Covid-19 pandemic, this dissertation is a qualitative study based on existential phenomenological theory. The data analysis method comes from Amedeo Giorgi's perspective. The study was approved by the UFPA Ethics Committee. The profile of the research participants was limited to five psychologists, over 18 years old, residents of greater Belém/PA, who cared for people infected and hospitalized by Covid-19 between March 2019 and March 2022. Based on the analysis of the structure From experience we identified common meanings in all interviews: 1. Volatility of information, speed of daily changes, intrinsic characteristics of the health emergency; 2. PPE issues affecting service and physical and humanized contact; 3. From the patient to the healthcare team, the pandemic affected everyone's mental health, in different forms and degrees of suffering; 4. During the pandemic, Information and Communication Technologies became essential to care; 5. Clinical Psychology was considered an essential service; 6. Healthcare professionals expressed the need for self-care. Also from the contextualization of the unique aspects of subjectivity between the interviews, we revealed the variant aspects: 1. Capacity for personal creative adjustment based on self-perception and self-knowledge; 2. Pandemic and gender issues; 3. Weakening post-pandemic health. The research is considered relevant due to the unveiling of subjective and intersubjective findings from the experience of Psychologists during the pandemic. We conclude that the study pointed out indicators for new research in mental health and care strategies, as well as the deepening of the modalities of providing psychological care, through ICTs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Dias de luta, dias de glória”: trabalhadoras/es de saúde em HIV/Aids sob o olhar da psicodinâmica do trabalho, em um hospital de referência, no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) MELO, Michele Torres dos Santos de; OLIVEIRA, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266787581530443; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-380X
The emergence of the HIV/SIDA epidemic in Brazil was marked by great social mobilization in the country's large urban centers, since the first case of the disease in 1982. Health professionals had to concentrate efforts to face it. Affected by the drama of the patients, they received psychological support from Emílio Ribas Hospital, the first hospital with an AIDS Center, becoming a reference in the field of infectious diseases, until today (MENDONÇA; ALVES; CAMPOS, 2010). Thus, this research aimed to analyze the work organization of health workers in the care of HIV / AIDS patients, in a reference hospital in Pará; identify the possible experiences of pleasure and psychological suffering in this work; to investigate the individual defense mechanisms and collective defensive strategies adopted, in confronting the existing reality. The methodology adopted was exploratory and qualitative research, using the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. The instruments of analysis were semi-structured interviews, with the technique of individual interviews. The research was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee with human beings, linked to the Graduate Program in Psychology, at the Federal University of Pará, as well as by the Ethics Committee of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, in compliance with Resolution 510 / 2016 of the National Health Council - Ministry of Health. For the analysis of the data, we used the technique of Analysis of Nuclei of Sense (ANS), adapted from the technique of categorical content developed by Bardin (1977). The analysis of the information and reports allows us to verify that the work organization is characterized by aspects that involve different work ties, by an intense and exhaustive workday, through the daily demands in the care with HIV/SIDA patients who arrive at the hospital very debilitated. Working conditions are deficient in terms of physical structure, lighting, temperature, cleanliness, condition of equipment and shortage of resources, such as medicines. In order to face reality, workers use the individual defense mechanism for denial and collective defense strategies for rationalization and denial, with ways of thinking, acting and feeling compensatory. Pleasure is given through the sense given to social contribution, in the recovery and gratitude of patients and families, in constant learning and support among the work team. Recognition is evidenced by peers, when they praise, help and value each other's work. The existence of collective discussion groups was not mentioned, where the workers can talk about their feelings, anxieties and anxieties in doing work. This research enables the expansion of current knowledge and reflections on public health, with regard to the mental health of workers in HIV/SIDA care, as well as allowing actions to promote improvements in service networks aimed at PVHA, in the country and, more specifically, in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A “despatriarcalização” da diferença sexual em Lacan: Paul B. Preciado e outras vozes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-19) SILVA, Mayara Tibúrcio Cavalcanti da; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-1910
Starting fro m the effects caused by Paul B. Preciado's speech in “Can the monster speak?”, this dissertation intends to focus on the voices addressed to Lacanian psychoanalysis, critical of sexual binarism and articulated with the decline of patriachal colonial model. In these discussions, the “epistemology of sexual difference” problematized by Preciado is central, in inescapable conjunction with Judith Butler. In addition to providing space for reviewing some readings of this psychoanalysis, we seek to promote the et hical commitment to listening new possibilities, which unite feminists, queers and psychoanalysts, in the proposal to deconstruct the sexual difference and to affirm other possibilities, without dependence on binaries, hierarchies, father or phallus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trabalho do pesquisador docente: análise das vivências profissionais de pesquisadores (as) de um Programa de Pós-Graduação da Região Norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-29) BRASIL, Maria Clara Acacio de Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266787581530443; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-380X
Work makes up a considerable portion of people's time in the most diverse realities and contexts within the capitalist system in which the world is organized. Work activity defines the way a person lives, relates and accesses the world around them. Considering the weight of work, the Psychodynamics of Work theory analyzed several aspects related to this and approached work as a producer of pleasure and suffering. The aforementioned theory brought the dynamism inherent to work and exposed that the organization and conditions of work are among the determinants of the experiences lived by each worker. In this sense, the objective of the research proposed here was to analyze the experiences of a specific category of workers: researchers and university professors inserted in a Postgraduate Program in human sciences at a public university in the northern region of Brazil. The proposal takes into account the relevance of producing research work within the university environment after years of attack on the sciences, in addition to giving emphasis to researchers located in a region with the lowest social indicators in the country in terms of economic and social development, which requires a great deal of academic effort to produce quality science. The research methodology adopted was from a qualitative perspective, of the case study type, in which the methodological techniques used were: application of individual semi-structured interviews with researchers/teachers and subsequent systematization, analysis and discussion of the information collected. The analysis of the interviewees' statements was carried out using the Content Analysis technique, with the Psychodynamics of Work as its central theoretical contribution. The main results were aspects of work organization that lead to overload and extrapolation of working hours, as well as a productivist logic of work production, in addition, working conditions were found full of infrastructural deficiencies, furthermore it was evident in the research that cooperation is full of counterpoints and suffers losses due to the way the work is organized; finally, despite the impasses encountered at work, teachers demonstrated great pleasure in the recognition present in relationships with students, peers and other university workers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Gordura não é coisa de macho”: reverberações da gordofobia nas masculinidades de homens gordos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-03) MODESTO, Lucas de Almeida; LIMA, Maria Lúcia Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2883065146680171; ALVARENGA, Eric Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5734378044087055; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-2356
Fatphobia is a form of intersectional, structural, cultural and institutionalized violence that affects fat people, discriminating against and harassing their bodies. It is present in different scenarios and is anchored in historically determined pathologizing knowledge, using health and beauty discourses in the media, in the cosmetics industry, pharmaceuticals and procedures that can “cure” a body that has been “sickened” by stigma social caused by this supposed knowledge. It is noted that the majority of productions that question fatphobia were produced by and about fat women, thus there is a need to include the male audience in this debate, since they are also affected by fatphobia in different ways. One of these ways is in the aspect of masculinity, considering the plural ways in which men are subjectivized in Brazil, I investigated how these processes can be fatphobic, considering that hegemonic masculinity has an athletic and muscular body pattern, with fat being an attribute of femininity. In this way, fat men start to have their masculinity put to the test because they possess in excess what the “successful man” seeks to eliminate.” I use an epistemology of authors who study masculinities in a plural way and from a feminist perspective and make use of transdisciplinary studies of fat corporalities. In this sense, this work aims to analyze how fatphobia affects the masculinities of fat men in the metropolitan region of Belém. It is a field research, with a qualitative approach that, through semi-structured interviews, aims to produce information that can be analyzed based on content analysis, in order to answer the proposed objectives. Nine men aged between 20 and 37 participated in the research. From the content analysis, three categories emerged, such as: “It is easier to talk about being fat than about being a man” where I discuss the processes of subjectivation of fat men based on the body, sports and compulsory cisheterosexuality; “It's basically the same outfit, it may not be what you like, but you have to wear it”, in which I talk about the love neglect and fetishization that fat men experience due to fatphobia and “It's my body, it's what I I have!" in which I talk about the forms of suffering and coping experienced by fat men. Finally, this research aims to raise the need for fat men to join the discussions and the anti-fatphobia movement, in addition, it also elucidates the need for future research with cisheterosexual fat men, since only one of the participants identifies in this way, thus, some questions could not be reached regarding this specificity, but highlighted possible idiosyncrasies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Homofobia e assistência à saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-18) MORAES FILHO, Leomar Santos; LIMA, Maria Lúcia Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2883065146680171
Homophobia is the term used to designate the feeling or attitude directed towards homosexuals that inferiorizes, antagonizes, discriminates or violates them due to their sexuality. The literature indicates that homophobia is socially produced, especially by cisheternormative and sexist ideologies, and can be perpetrated by individuals, communities or institutions. In contemporary times, homophobia has been experiencing a resurgence, especially when combined with living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). Therefore, this research aims to understand how homophobia impacts the health care of gay and bisexual men living with HIV/AIDS. Based on qualitative research, six gay and bisexual men aged 18 and over were interviewed, with positive HIV serology in an advanced stage of infection and hospitalized in an infectious disease reference unit. The interlocutors were contacted through dialogue with the institution's care team, reading of the medical records and an initial approach by the researcher to present the research. The interviews followed a semi-structured model and were carried out in person at the field hospital. To analyze the information produced, this study used Bardin's content analysis (2016). The results indicate that homophobia is part of everyday life and contemporary social dynamics and when combined with a positive HIV status, it becomes even more complex, producing specific situations of suffering. In the context of health care, among the most significant effects of homophobia, the presupposition of heterosexuality of all users stands out, inability to clinically manage sexuality that differs from heterosexuality and the non-recognition of this marker as clinically relevant health data. Furthermore, the experience of the interlocutors showed that the suffering they experienced has interfaces both with their life stories and experiences prior to the diagnosis and the context of inequities, social injustice, oppression and negligence by the State to which they are exposed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A subjetividade da criança como chave de leitura para os entraves no processo de aprendizagem: a importância do laço educadora-criança no processo de inclusão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-01) PAIVA, Erika dos Santos; BARROS, Izabella Paiva Monteiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1803233392625209
Being education a fundamental and necessary precept for the individual in development, the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) postulates that every child and adolescent has the right to be literate. In this way, two important concepts are understood in this context: literacy, defined by the teaching of codes and letters that make up the standardized education system, and literacy skills represented by behaviors and techniques that go beyond the mastery and construction of alphabetical and spelling systems, that is, it encompasses the ability to interpret and contextualize. Although Decree 7,611/11 emphasizes the importance of specialized educational attention for children with disabilities, global developmental disorders, and high abilities, ensuring the inclusion of children with obstacles in literacy or psychological constitution in the school environment constitutes a true dilemma for most regular education teachers, as numerous questions arise about how to carry out this inclusion. Therefore, the schooling of children with learning difficulties requires active participation from teachers, the school, and, above all, the child as the protagonist with a voice in their own life story. The personalized bond between the teacher and the child in cases of obstacles in literacy allows the educator to have a new perspective on the subject's subjectivity, providing space for the recognition of the desiring subject. This transferential bond, according to psychoanalysis, is a facilitating and necessary means in the relationship between peers. In this way, the research aims to discuss, through a case study, the importance of the teacher considering, in addition to cognitive competencies, the child's subjectivity in the inclusion process. For this, as a research method, the articulation of an exploratory study with a qualitative approach was used, with the support of the qualitative clinical method that draws on psychoanalytic knowledge, such as transference and the unconscious. The study sample consisted of a therapeutic companion/teacher and a child, who was invited to participate in the research for being a user of the health service of the Center for Women's and Children's Health Care (Casmuc) and for attending Basic Education, inclusion criteria. The instrument used for data collection was APEGI (Psychoanalytic Follow-up of Children in Schools, Groups, and Institutions), composed of a semi-directed interview script and some indicators that report on the quality of the child's bond with others. The data were processed quantitatively and qualitatively and served as the basis for the construction of the clinical case. All desirable ethical recommendations for research involving human subjects were respected and followed. The case of Lucas Explorer indicates that the therapeutic companion-child bond, established through the careful gaze of the professional who made a commitment to what Lucas knew and not to what he did not know, helped support the becoming of the student as a desiring subject, allowing him to speak and have an active voice in society. In this way, the place he previously occupied, that of a child reduced to a label based on a diagnosis, can be left behind.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Idosos(as) sobreviventes de um acidente vascular encefálico: suas ocupações, perdas e lutos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-11) CRUZ, Larissa Maria de Souza; SOUZA, Airle Miranda de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5311796283730540; CORRÊA, Victor Augusto Cavaleiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1910742195880054
This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research of the multiple case studies type. The main objective was to understand how the occupations of elderly people are presented after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and to evaluate the realization of values. Multiple case studies were conducted with elderly people who survived a stroke. Three (3) elderly people who survived a stroke, attended at the Adult Gym of the Faculty of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (FFTO) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) participated in the research. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview, the performance of expressive free activity and an invitation to carry out an occupation. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed, and all other steps were recorded in images and in a field diary. The data were analyzed using Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis, which allowed the identification of thematic nuclei from the reports. It was identified that the occupations of these elderly people had a great impact after the stroke, mainly due to the remaining sequelae, generating major changes in routine and roles in the family, with evidence of significant losses and mourning. It is noteworthy that the remaining occupations were understood as moments of realization of meaning, and that despite all the losses, these people continue to seek to find meaning in life, even in the face of inevitable suffering.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Porque escrever parece com não morrer: uma leitura psicanalítica do romance Um Sopro de Vida de Clarice Lispector
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-12) OLIVEIRA, Gabrielle de Kassia Carrera de; SANTOS, Camila Backes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7312660915177665; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7276-8252; CORREA, Hevellyn Ciely da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7758199768776827
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A clínica psicanalítica no hospital: a elaboração do sofrimento psíquico a partir da angústia em pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-10) SOUZA, Elaine Antunes de; PENA, Breno Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587208433134328
This present work will address the dimension of the psychoanalytic clinic in the hospital, considering the psychic elaboration of suffering in subjects who are overcome by anguish when facing an oncological diagnosis. In the context of oncological treatment, we find the social representation of the disease associated with death, still considered a taboo topic. This social imaginary has very ancient roots in history, being marked by intense physical and psychological suffering, since the disease was often accompanied by death, regardless of the treatment carried out. When it comes to illness due to cancer, the exercise of psychoanalysis in the hospital takes place on an urgent basis, or better said, subjective urgency, in which we seek to understand the psychic repercussions, which are shaken at this moment of illness. The idea of subjective urgency refers to the breaking of the subject's speech when faced with something unbearable, without symbolic mediation. At this moment, lacking words to name this situation, the ill subject positions his psychic reality in action. Suffering manifested through human relationships and the finiteness of one's own body presents itself in an imperious way, as it links suffering to what is ineluctable and escapes the subject's full control. And the body, as it is part of nature, imposes limits in relation to its functioning and duration, which in this case, we can consider the experience of psychological suffering in cancer, being manifested in the body. To understand anguish, which from the beginning became central in psychoanalytic theory, Freud came across this concept in the clinic of neuroses, starting to investigate its forms of psychic manifestations, developing his theory addressing this important concept. In his Draft It is considered one of the most important writings addressed to Fliess, on the affect of anxiety, which associates it with another central concept in psychoanalytic theory, sexuality. We can observe that Freud writes about two theories, the first mentioned as being a transformation of libido and the second, the theory of repression. For Lacan, anguish is an affect, but he considers it not to be a symptom. To the extent that it configures anguish as an affect, it characterizes it aimlessly, completely adrift, because it is never repressed. It is this characteristic of it that makes it so unsettling, as it is not tied to the network of signifiers that is impossible to represent. In this way, the psychoanalytic clinic in the health institution considers the difference between illness inscribed in the body and illness as an experience. In this aspect, the psychoanalyst will seek to provide the transition from the event itself to an experience, enabling the construction of subjectivation, elevating such illness to the position of experience producing unique knowledge. Since we are part of the hospital institution, it is important to think about the time of each subject, since the temporality of the hospital ignores its own temporality. Lacan presents us with the problematic of logic regarding time, discussing the constitution of three instances, namely: the moment of seeing, the time of understanding, the moment of concluding. We can associate these three concepts with the experience of becoming ill with cancer. Being the moment of seeing, the oncological diagnosis and despair emerged in the face of the certainty of one's own death, confronting the patient with the reality of human finitude. When moving to the time of understanding, with the establishment of transference, the subject reaches the process of psychic elaboration. And finally, the psychic work ends with the moment of concluding what you asked about. And as the subject is faced with such subjective experiences, he is confronted with the transience of his own life. The research method used was the clinical case study, carried out in a hospital institution in Belém do Pará, a reference in oncological treatment. The general objective was to understand psychoanalytic clinical practice in the hospital context, specifically the psychic elaboration based on the experience of anguish in cancer patients. The specific objectives included the investigation of the conception of anguish by Freud, Lacan and their commentators, the exploration of the relationship between anguish and cancer, and the identification of the process of elaboration of psychological suffering in cancer patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A transferência na hospitalização por HIV/Aids: possíveis implicações na sua manifestação e no seu manejo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) BORGES JUNIOR, Dorivaldo Pantoja; PENA, Breno Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587208433134328
The transfer is one of the four psychoanalytical fundamentals concepts, presents since the freudian pre psychoanalytical texts. In writings later, between the psychoanalytical technique texts, the transfer is presented as repetition of childish cliches that are the motor of the analysis and the via thought the resistances emerge as opposition to the analytical treatment. In the Lacan’s teaching, the concept of transfer is developed theoretically mainly about the relation of the supposed to know and the analyst desire as clinicals management operators. So, this master’s research goes from the premise present in the academic psychoanalytical literature, that what makes possible the psychoanalytical work on the hospital is the transfer. The objective of the study was to investigate possibles implications on the manifestation and the management of the transfer on the HIV/AIDS hospitalization context, considering the socio-historical particularities of this clinical. Methodologically, it´s psychoanalytical clinical research realized from psychoanalytical listen on the Infectious Parasitic Diseases nursery of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital (DIP/HUJBB), at Belém of Pará. From this, it was chosen clinicals cases to illustrate and discuss about the thematic. Between the possibles implications, six points presented throughout the dissertation stood out: 1. Transference is what enables the psychoanalyst's work in health institutions, from clinical and institutional aspects; 2. The work in question, in the clinical aspect, is limited to carrying out preliminary interviews, however, some aspects of its classic conception need to be expanded; 3. The institution has specificities in its dynamics and also occupies a place in the subject's psyche; 4. The public health context has specificities that the analyst needs to take into account; 5. The history of HIV/AIDS is marked by stigmas that are agents of psychological suffering for hospitalized subjects and also producers of resistance to psychoanalytic treatment. Regarding the management of the transference, the psychoanalyst operates to enable the opening of the unconscious, leading the hospitalized subject to continue associating, in addition, the management of the transference includes the patient, the team and the hospitalized subject's companions. This can promote openness to the production of some knowledge about the case, even if in a different context from the classical analysis itself, since this moment of psychic work corresponds to a period prior to entry into analysis, in the case of preliminary interviews in psychoanalysis. As a result, it also addresses the role of the psychoanalyst in public health, supporting the importance of listening to the unique aspects of each case, which speaks to the ethics of psychoanalysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ansiedades: relatos e sentidos da experiência ansiosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-30) ARAÚJO, Beatriz Evangelista de; SEIBT, Cezar Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7464213317216078; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-0919
Anxiety is a phenomenon inherent to the human experience, being a primary emotion that serves the function of self-preservation. Nowadays, anxiety has become increasingly prominent due to different relational demands that trigger intense emotional suffering, as well as exposure to stressors such as the proliferation of diseases, natural disasters, and/or those caused by human actions, etc. However, there is a predominance of viewing anxiety primarily through the hegemonic biomedical lens, categorizing it at a nosological level and conferring upon it the status of an "unbearable" illness. As a result, there is a perception that anxiety is something negative and must be cured/eliminated as quickly as possible. From this perspective, the subjective experience, the meanings attributed, the way the person recognizes themselves in this process, and even the historical and social context are disregarded, so the person is not understood in their complexity. In light of this, this research aimed to describe how people understand their own anxious experiences and to explore the outcomes resulting from different ways of experiencing and assigning meaning to anxiety. Additionally, it sought to expand the view of the anxious experience from the perspective of Laura Perls. To achieve these goals, we conducted qualitative-phenomenological research, in which Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological method was applied, and the discussion was grounded in the phenomenological perspective and the Gestalt approach. During the identification of meaning units, nine constituents were identified, including: anxiety related to negative sensations, anxiety related to performance, anxious experiences affecting how one relates to others and the world, ambivalent feelings towards medication, and broadening the understanding of anxiety. We concluded that the research objectives were met, supporting the understanding that the anxious experience can manifest in different ways, considering that anxiety is configured as a relational phenomenon, manifesting as a response to environmental demands. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the complexity of situations that make up the human experience. In this sense, we emphasize the relevance of considering the intersectional dimensions that permeate a person's experience and modify their way of perceiving themselves and relating to the world. Furthermore, it was possible to deepen some concepts of the Gestalt approach from Laura Perls' point of view, also highlighting her importance for the consolidation of Gestalt therapy, despite having written few materials, and also having undergone a process of invisibilization within the approach.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eu não sou agente, eu sou polícia: representação social do policial penal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-19) BARROS, Andressa Regina Sandres Guimarães de; MOREIRA, Hélio Luiz Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3977870273059388
This dissertation aims to analyze the social representations of criminal police officers who work in one of the prison units of the Santa Izabel do Pará Penitentiary Complex, located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. Based on the Theory of Social Representations - SRT -, it is based on questions about the representations of the identity and work of criminal police officers after Constitutional Amendment No. 104, of 12/04/2019 (EC Nº 104/2019). In the research, a qualitative approach was carried out, with a literature review and the application of semi-structured interviews in loco. After EC Nº 104/2019, the legal changes have repercussions on several factors, such as the identity of the criminal police officer, generating paradoxical sensations, such as empowerment due to the use of firearms and, at the same time, the feeling of insecurity outside the prison context. In addition, they reflect on the relationship with work by maintaining perceptions related to prison officers, such as exhausting and tiring work. Thus, it is concluded that the meanings constructed on identity are different, although the meaning of the work is the same.