Peixes ornamentais: conhecimento tradicional e regulamentações sobre o manejo da atividade pesqueira no território indígena remanso - Chorrobocón, Guainía - Colômbia

Abstract

This research offers an analysis of the community management process develop by indigenous fishermen in the ornamental fishery activity and their relation with the institutions responsible of the control of this sector, highlighting: the factors that has facilitated and hindered the participation of the fishermen in the management initiative; the natural resources use systems and their incidence in the family economy; the relation that exists between local arrangements and the formals norms among ornamental use resource, likewise, the relations generated between the agents involved into the management of this activity. This study is characterized by been descriptive analytic from a qualitative approximation by a participatory research, been implemented by the use of rural participatory diagnostic tools and semi-structured interviews; the information was ordered and analyzed by the use of analysis categories and the implementation of two information triangulation types (intra and inter) to maximize the efforts validity made in the field, and to reduce the information subjectivity and maximize the research stringency. The results founded shows that, from the different extractive activities developed by the community, the mining garimpo and the ornamental fishery have been the most constants; however, the illegality conditions of the first has led to the decline, meanwhile the fishery consolidates as the principal resource of income for the habitants; among the factors that have influence in the fishermen participation level along the management process, were found: the institutional intervention, the resource depletion, the inequality in the commercial relations, the internal conflicts, the external pressure, the property regime and the mining depletion. The implementation of the management system adopted by the fishermen is constituted by the syncretism between the local norms supported in the traditional knowledge and the government regulation, in response to the necessity to maintain a stable resource of income than the detriment made by the transgression in the traditional norms around the territory management. In reference to the government scope, the institutional plans does not contains constant programs among this sector, their work is limited to short term plans, besides constants reforms difficult the accomplishment of their responsibilities and the recognition of their functions by the local populations. The main conclusions are: the extractive economics dynamics introduced new acculturation elements that deteriorated the traditional scheme of the social organization and produce new natural resource use possibilities that have led the population into the search of a social ascent from the economic scope; despite the association been based in democratic principles, his performance depends in the clans rivalries that predominates in the community; the fishermen depends from the institutional intervention for the consolidation of their management system, that’s why, the institutional discontinuity have created the weakening of the organization process; the regulation effective application and the local arrangements between fishermen are limited, by one side, the lack of resource, personal and political will restricts its work, by the other side, the external demand and the economic benefits necessity determine the effectiveness of the arrangements implemented; besides, still does not exist a clear instance of coordination that allows to harmonized the institutional programs for the management of this activity