Resíduos da Construção Civil: controle por meio do método Lean Construction

Abstract

The activities of the Civil Construction sector are responsible for the generation of a certain amount of waste, which when deposited improperly, provoke impacts in the urban centers, affecting negatively directly and indirectly the society, the economy and the environment. In face of this problem, Lean Construction practices appear as an alternative to reduce losses and waste at construction sites and, consequently, Civil Construction Waste (RCC). Considering the existence of few studies with a direct connection between the practices of Lean Construction and the reduction of RCC, the present work has the objective of analyzing the impact and the proposal of the practices of Lean Construction in the reduction of Construction Waste in two works of vertical construction located in the city of Belém. For this purpose, a multiple case study was carried out at a construction site of a construction company that has ISO 9001: 2008 and PBQP-H level A certifications, provided that it adopts the practices of Lean Construction, and another one of a company that does not have any certification considering that it does not adopt such lean practices in its works. Thus, the two works were analyzed in order to compare them and verify how Lean Construction practices can contribute to the reduction of Civil Construction Waste. The results showed that the two sites do not pay special attention to the reduction of losses and wastes, and, consequently, to the reduction of CCR generation, that the organization of the construction site influences the reduction of such residues, that to factors lacking knowledge in Lean Construction practices, senior management support and training trigger RCCs, and that some isolated Lean practices are applied without any connection between them in a "natural" and "unintentional" way. Subsequently, proposals were made for improvements aimed at reducing the generation of RCC, through some practices and lean tools found in the literature. Therefore, it was verified that the implementation of Lean practices can generate several benefits to the companies and their respective construction sites, and contribute directly and indirectly to the RCC reduction.