Assinatura geoquímica de apatita de rochas sanukitoides do sudeste do cratón amazônico, Província Carajás.

Abstract

The Rio Maria Sanukitoid Suite, included in the Rio Maria Domain, southern portion of the Carajás Province, is composed of granodiorites and associated mafic and intermediary rocks. It has large exposures in the north of Redenção city, south of Rio Maria, east of Bannach and northeast of Xinguara, SE portion of the Amazonian Craton, being intrusive in greenstones of the Andorinhas Supergroup, Arco Verde Tonalite and Complex Caracol Tonalitic. Other granodioritic rocks correlated to the Rio Maria sanukitoids were described in the regions of Água Azul do Norte, Ourilândia do Norte, Serra do Inajá and Xingu region, all of them included in the Carajás Province. The Rio Maria Sanukitoids are metaluminous rocks, calcic-alkaline affinity and enriched with Mg, Cr and Ni in relation to other granodiorite rocks. They present primary epidote, zircon, allanite, titanite, apatite and magnetite as main accessory phases. U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon dates defined crystallization ages of 2,87 Ga for these rocks. Apatite is a generally early mineral in the order of crystallization of granitoid rocks. Because of its properties, it can incorporate variable contents of REE and other trace elements, such as Na, K, Mn, F, Cl, Sr, Y, Pb, Ba, Th, U, V, and has been used as a good petrological and metallogenetic indicator of its host rock. The objective of this dissertation was the morphological and compositional study, by electron microprobe, of apatite crystals of granodioritic rocks from Rio Maria Sanukitoid Suite in Rio Maria, Ourilândia do Norte and Bannach regions, Rio Maria Domain, Carajás Province. For comparative purposes apatites of Leucogranodiorite with high Ba-Sr from Água Azul do Norte and of the Trondhjemite Mogno from Bannach region, both archaeans, have been studied. It was also compared to the apatites of the Seringa and Antônio Vicente paleoproterozoic type A granites, the first weakly oxidized and sterile, and the second, reduced and mineralized to Sn. The apatites of the Ourilândia do Norte sanukitoids have compositional zonations concentric to oscillatory more evident and complex, with well defined light-dark zones. On the other hand, the apatites of the Rio Maria and Bannach sanukitoids form more homogeneous crystals, with not evident or non-existent zones. The apatites of high Ba-Sr Leucogranodiorite and Mogno Trondhjemite are equally developed (> 150 μm), but with rare zoning restricted to the edges of some crystals. Inclusions of zircon are common only in apatites of Mogno Trondhjemite. In the Seringa granite, the apatites are comparatively smaller (<100 μm), subhedral to euhedral and with well defined zonations, while those of the Antônio Vicente granite are poorly developed (<30 μm), subrounded and free of compositional zonations. The main compositional variations among the apatite of the Rio Maria Domain, in addition to CaO, P2O5 and F, are in the highest content of LREE (La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu) found in the apatite of Ourilândia do Norte and Rio Maria in relation to those of Bannach, which show lower concentrations and sub-horizontal trend in the diagram (La + Ce + Pr + Sm) vs. (Gd + Yb + Y). This enrichment in REE is more evident in the diagram ΣREE + Y vs (La + Ce + Pr + Sm + Eu), where the studied apatite form an enrichment trend towards the Bannach - Rio Maria - Ourilândia do Norte sanukitoid. Based on this geochemical signature, similar and more enriched magmatic sources in LREE are suggested for the apatites of Ourilândia do Norte and Rio Maria. On the other hand, the apatites of Bannach sanukitoids presented higher and more variable concentrations of CaO, P2O5 and F and lower LREE, suggesting origin from a compositionally different and more LREE depleted magma. The apatites of the Mogno Trondhjemite and the leucogranodiorite high Ba-Sr are also more impoverished in LREE and tend to follow the apatite of the Bannach sanukitoides in the diagrams, but the apatite of the leucogranodiorites show greater enrichment in Sr. The Seringa granite has apatites more enriched in F and REE + Y when compared to the apatite of the archaean rocks, and they stand out in all the geochemical diagrams. This fact demonstrated that apatite compositions can also be used to record petrogenetic processes and to differentiate magmatic compositions that marked changes during the crustal evolution of a region, for example, distinguishing between Archaean and Paleoproterozoic granitoids, and are, therefore, useful in studies of provenance. Apatites of Antônio Vicente paleoproterozoic granite, mineralized in Sn, show high concentrations of F, Mn, Fe, Y and REE (except Eu), in comparison to other granitoids and can be used as a good metallogenetic indicator.