Instituições públicas e gestão de recursos naturais: um estudo sobre as concessões florestais na Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

The management of public forests in Brazil is regulated by Law No. 11,284 of March 2, 2006, as a measure to contain the progress of deforestation, foreign exchange evasion and land grabbing, mainly in the Amazon. In this sense, the management of native forests through forest concession intends to improve the capacity of federal, state and municipal governments to manage their forest patrimony by sharing the responsibility of combating land grabbing with the private sector, preventing predatory exploitation of forest resources, promoting their sustainable use and economic development through forest concessions. This dissertation studies the management of public forests through forest concessions in Conservation Units of Sustainable Use located in the Brazilian Amazon in order to know the effectiveness of these forest concessions, object of this study. In general, the questions that supports the research problem of this dissertation are linked to the difficulties encountered by the state in indirectly controlling the behavior of private agents in relation to the use of wood resources in native forests. In order to analyze the financial feasibility of the concessions, the deterministic methods of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to evaluate the quality of the management and to verify the occurrence of illegal exploitation. This study also analysed satellite images from landsat, which were processed to generate the NDFI index. The study started with the following hypothesis: Failures in the implementation of command and control mechanism in these forest concessions, linked to deficiencies in the institutional environment, may affect the environmental and economic performance of the public forests management through the current model of concessions. The results show that the contracted companies, that were part of this study, explored the forest resources beyond what was allowed, it was also reported that only one of the companies participating in the study presented intermediate-quality forest management, the others were classified as forest management of low quality, accepting in this way the hypothesis of study.