Teses em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Doutorado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2297

O Doutorado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Doutorado em Ciências – Desenvolvimento Socioambiental iniciou em 1994, absorvendo o debate crítico de ponta na época nos temas sobre desenvolvimento, planejamento e questões ambientais.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Negros no agrário amazônico: diversidade histórica e contemporânea do campesinato paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) CRISPIM, Sebastião Novais Sousa; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
The thesis investigates the intrinsic relationship between the Black population and the agrarian space of the Paraense Amazon, analyzing the historical formation and structural diversity of the Black peasantry. The research demonstrates that the construction of Black race in Brazil, rooted in colonization and the capitalist system, established a pattern of exploitation that has perpetuated in the agrarian sector. The analysis recovers the historical centrality of the Black population in the Amazonian agrarian structure, marked by resistance to slavery, such as the formation of quilombos, and the pursuit of autonomy through peasant labor after abolition. The investigation details the diversity of the peasantry in the Amazon, identifying different historical forms of organization and their specific economic logics, centered on family reproduction needs. The thesis uses census data (2017 and 2022) to evidence the growing demographic relevance of the Black population in Pará, including the rural space, and their numerical predominance as producers in various forms of peasantry. However, the research also points to the persistence of racial inequalities in land access, with a concentration of larger areas under the control of white producers. The in-depth analysis of the prevalent historical peasant forms in Pará (CbO, CbF, and ReC) reveals that the Black population is the majority in the number of establishments in all of them, confirming the historical constitution of a Black peasantry in the most traditional forms of the Amazonian peasant economy. The thesis concludes that Blackness is a substantial and central element in the contemporary Amazonian agrarian sector, and the results reinforce the urgency of considering the racial dimension in the formulation of public policies for sustainable rural development in the Amazon, aiming at overcoming historical inequalities and promoting equity in access to resources and opportunities for the Black peasantry.
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Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu na Amazônia: reflexões dos egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido, do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, da UFPA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-25) VIEIRA, José Nilberlanio; SILVA, Marilena Loureiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7261982145077537
The objective of this doctoral-level study is to explore the reflections of master's and doctoral graduates from the stricto sensu graduate program conducted by the Graduate Program in Sustainable Development of the Humid Tropics (PPGDSTU), part of the Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (Naea), and their contribution to sustainable development in the Amazon and Pan-Amazon regions. The study considers the interdisciplinary aspect of the academic training of these graduates, focusing on the period from 2007 to 2020. It falls within the scope of higher education studies, guided by the following research questions: a) How did PPGDSTU contribute to the training of these graduates? b) Where are these graduates professionally and geographically located? c) What are the graduates’ reflections on the contribution that the Naea’s stricto sensu graduate program made to their professional and/or academic careers? d) How have PPGDSTU graduates contributed their knowledge acquired during their master's and/or doctoral studies to the development of the Amazon and Pan-Amazon regions in the context of sustainable development? The specific research locus is the Graduate Program in Sustainable Development of the Humid Tropics (PPGDSTU), which constitutes the empirical focus of analysis, considering that it is a subunit of the (Naea), at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). This research adopted a qualitative and exploratory methodology, employing the dialectical interpretation method and using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions. Its general objective is to explore the reflections of the graduates on their training for sustainable development received during the program. In addition to the graduates, interviews were conducted with the current director of Naea and two PPGDSTU faculty members who agreed to participate in the research. The international dimension of PPGDSTU and Naea was highlighted, as the Naea has always had an international and interdisciplinary vocation, promoting a critical view of the Amazon's role in the global context. The results revealed, among other aspects, that PPGDSTU is perceived by its graduates as a center of excellence in stricto sensu graduate education in the Amazon. Many of these graduates are professionally located in the Amazon region itself, contributing their knowledge to the dissemination of sustainable development practices not only in the Amazon but also in other regions of Brazil and the Pan-Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos grandes objetos aos objetos de grandeza cidadã: interiorização do ensino superior público e ordenamento cívico-territorial na Amazônia paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-08) OLIVEIRA, Helbert Michel Pampolha de; TRINDADE JUNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
Considering the ongoing tensions and intentions of territorial planning in the Amazon as an object of study, this thesis argues that the processes of expansion and internalization of public higher education have contributed, albeit not without contradictions, to an expansion of the a “geographization of citizenship” in the state of Pará, providing important foundations that envision the outline of a civic-territorial ordering in this space. To this end, the research aimed to analyze the contours of this ordering as a possibility in light of the aforementioned processes of public higher education and the corresponding response to the demands of forest peoples for this level of education in the Pará Amazon. The research was based on the assumptions of dialectical thought and, through a quali-quantitative approach, employed techniques such as literature review, documentary collection and analysis, content analysis, systematic field observation, and semi-structured interviews. Based on the qualitative selection of three public higher education institutions – Federal University of Pará, Federal University of Western Pará, and Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará – and the analysis of their regular undergraduate course offerings in the Pará space, it demonstrates both the creation/reinforcement of urban centralities of a socio-territorial nature, given the presence and role of these social fixtures in cities in the region, and the strengthening of organic solidarities and spatial horizontalities, especially through the provision of certain higher education programs, such as those aimed at addressing the demands of forest peoples for this level of education. On the other hand, it shows that these institutions also respond to the onslaught of capitalist interests in the region by offering degrees that instrumentalize major economic activities, which are largely responsible for the historical configuration of an economic-corporate territorial ordering. Even as spaces of contention, it can be concluded that public higher education institutions can be recognized as important social fixtures that support the “geographization of citizenship” and, therefore, they can be understood as objects of civic grandeur, whose spatialization helps envision the construction of a civic-territorial ordering as a possibility in the Pará Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Alta modernidade e a revolução socioambiental: indivíduo e coletividade na reprodução sociometabólica do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-18) COSTA, Gilson da Silva; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073
This thesis is a study of contemporary marxism sociology on the High Modernity around the relationship between individual and collectivity in the sociometabolic reproduction of the development and the sustainability - with cutout for Great Amazon, Post-War, from emergence of the Information Society Global. This is particularly the socio-economic phenomena, and socio-political currents in Latin America, the Caribean and Great Amazon, from its urban world and its correlation with the field. It runs thoughts on the prospect of socialist revolution based on Social and Environmental Revolution, featuring the politically historic stage of high modernity when there is participation or non-participation of the individual and community (peoples, working class) and what are its effects on for capital, labor, state and nature - from the daily practice in the pursuit of sustainability (social, economic, political, cultural and environmental). It examines how the process of sociometabolic reproduction of current capitalist society deepens the alienation, ideology, and skepticism among the working classes and peoples of Latin America - which is manifested in the dialectical contradiction between individual and community via participation or political apathy. Filtered through the perspective of sociometabolic building of the rational development and effective sustainability through Socialist, Environmental or Ecosocialist Revolution. Throughout the chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of collective action and social capital in Latin America and these may or may not influence the disruption and construction of this new societal formation, since the mechanism of mobilization, involvement and political and critical participation of the communities, and of social and political subject of the revolution in the macro region. Some theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of Historical and Dialectical Materialism and General Systems Theory are promoted in the work. The theoretical contributions are articulated around interpretations and formulations such as the rational and effective sustainability, within and between dialectical permanent; socialism or extermination; “hecatombstagflation”; environmental revolution, hyper-alienation; super-ideology; ultra-skepticism; revolutionary social capital, among others. The methodological contributions arise from the junction of the method of study, analysis and interpretation of Historical Dialectic Materialism (HDM) and General Systems Theory (GST), articulated in the formulations: Historical Ecological Cybernated System (HECS); Dialectical Materialism and Historical Systemic (DMHS), which allow for greater analytical power and explanatory observations, readings and interpretations of facts, phenomena and situations addressed in this research. Weaving a wireless connection between the elements that deal with the capitalist development in high modernity - from the individual and the collectivity forward to the radicalization of alienation, ideology, and skepticism in the Global Informational Society - setting the phenomenon of development from a Marxist theoretical framework. The work discusses the relevance of the Socialist Revolution and the perspective of the Environmental Revolution, and the potential, limitations and opportunities of a Program of Transition to Socialism Ecological, Environmental or Ecosocialist, because the process of sociometabolic reproduction of the current corporate development and the tensions surrounding the real prospect of sustainability - precisely between Great Amazon building a new vision of cultural, socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional which begins to emerge and tends to swell in coming decades of the century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Ideias antiambientais do agronegócio e a gestão bolsonarista: uma análise das políticas socioambientais no governo Bolsonaro (2019-2022)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-06) SOUSA, Marcos Felipe Rodrigues de; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-5152
This thesis analyzes the convergences and divergences between the anti-environmental ideas of agribusiness interest groups and the socio-environmental policies formulated and implemented during the government of Jair Bolsonaro (2019 to 2022). In the presidential elections of 2018 and 2022, Bolsonaro received support from representative interest groups within the agribusiness sector, mainly due to his alignment with their ideas. Examples include the relaxation of environmental legislation and oversight, opposition to the demarcation of indigenous lands, criticism of environmental social movements, the militarization of rural areas, and the liberalization of agrochemicals, among others. Agribusiness leaders participated in the federal government, occupying high-ranking positions such as secretaries and ministers. Given this context, I conducted an analytical focus on the main representative groups of agribusiness highlighted in the literature. Among them are: the Brazilian Soybean Producers Association, the Parliamentary Front for Agriculture, the Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock of Brazil, and the Brazilian Agribusiness Association. The research employed a qualitative methodology, utilizing documentary analysis and thematic content analysis to categorize the anti-environmental ideas present in the documents of the analyzed interest groups and in the Bolsonaro government. From this analysis, the convergences and divergences of antienvironmental ideas in federal socio-environmental policies, institutional actions, and legislative projects related to Jair Bolsonaro's administration were assessed. The categories of policies analyzed included control and oversight of deforestation, anti-environmental legislative proposals from the Executive Branch, demarcation of indigenous lands, liberalization of agrochemicals, changes in environmental licensing regulations, and land tenure regulation. The theoretical analytical model used was discursive and ideational neoinstitutionalism, which considers the institutions and interests related to the ideas of political actors within a specific political, social, and institutional context. The results demonstrate that the anti-environmental ideas of agribusiness interest groups were present in the formulation and implementation of socio-environmental policies during the elections and the government of Jair Bolsonaro, particularly in anti-environmental and anti-indigenous policies. The Brazilian Soybean Producers Association and the Parliamentary Front for Agriculture showed significant convergence with the policies implemented during Bolsonaro's term, supporting his election in 2018 and 2022 and participating directly in the federal government structure. The Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock of Brazil also exhibited convergence between its anti-environmental ideas and Bolsonaro’s policies, particularly in the relaxation of environmental licensing, liberalization of agrochemicals, opposition to the demarcation of indigenous lands, and changes in land policies. The Brazilian Agribusiness Association diverged from the main agribusiness groups regarding certain anti-environmental ideas of the government and did not support Bolsonaro's election in 2018 and 2022. However, this group converged with ideas contained in specific government policies related to environmental licensing and the relaxation of agrochemical approvals, as well as being favorable to the temporal framework regarding indigenous lands. Thus, it is evident that the anti-environmental ideas of the main interest groups in Brazilian agribusiness were present during Jair Bolsonaro's administration. Through infralegal acts, appointments of agribusiness leaders, changes through normative instructions and provisional measures, budget cuts, legislative projects, and other actions, the government managed to leverage institutional conditions favorable to the antienvironmental ideas of these groups. This thesis demonstrates how specific ideas of interest groups can be implemented within a governmental administration, particularly within the Brazilian institutional context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governança florestal via comércio internacional de madeira: políticas da União Europeia e suas influências nos atores sociais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-10) LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
Following the international trend towards sustainable and illegality-free production chains, the European Union (EU) has adopted its own policies and strategies that potentially impact countries such as Brazil, which produce a large part of the commodities consumed by the EU, including timber. In this sense, the objective of this study is to understand how ready Brazilian governance of the tropical native forest sector is to respond to the demands of this trend, based on domestic policies and strategies, as well as on the network of interaction and influence of its stakeholders. To meet this objective, a systematic review was first used using the PRISMA-P protocol to identify Brazilian and international instruments for promoting legality and sustainability in the timber sector. Next, a situational analysis was carried out to assess in detail the possible impacts of the EU Regulation for Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR) on the forest scenario in Brazil. Finally, the network analysis served to understand how the relationships and influence strategies of stakeholders in the Brazilian forest sector (government, private sector, civil society and academia) affect Brazilian governance in the international scenario. Our results indicate that Brazil is well positioned regarding instruments, particularly state-owned instruments, since they have synergies with each other and with international instruments in the same area. However, the effective implementation of these instruments remains the country's main challenge. In addition to correcting these shortcomings, the application of a policy mix and/or hybrid strategies based on national instruments would be necessary. Additionally, dialogue, cooperation and mutual accountability between producing and consuming countries, as well as economic incentives, are recommended. These recommendations are also valid for Brazil's alignment with the EUDR, since the country may face risks associated, above all, with legal and governance aspects (e.g: inconsistencies between EU standards and Brazilian environmental laws), economic (e.g: unequal distribution of additional costs) and socio-environmental (e.g: shifts to less regulated markets). On the other hand, the EUDR also offers opportunities for Brazil to strengthen its sustainability instruments and policies by seeking to maintain its exports to the EU. In the perception of stakeholders in the Brazilian forestry sector, the Regulation brings together more negative than positive perceptions and the networks of relationships and influences formed by them showed little connectivity. Furthermore, we identified asymmetries regarding the influence strategies of the determined focus groups: the federal government and the private sector tended towards influence strategies of direct retention of resources (e.g: direct control of information for decision-making), while civil society and academia tended towards indirect retention and indirect use strategies, respectively. We conclude that Brazilian forest governance has structures that are partially aligned with international sustainability and legality requirements. Brazil has good instruments in this sense, and they are connected to the needs of international governance, but it needs to improve their domestic implementation to be effective. The network of stakeholders needs to strengthen its cohesion and connectivity to improve its forms of influence on forest governance beyond the individual interests of groups. To remain a relevant player in the commodities trade, Brazil faces the challenge of adapting and improving its forest governance to the strict international demands for sustainability, such as European policies, overcoming historical illegalities in the timber production chain, improving existing instruments and strengthening the network of stakeholders. Consumer countries that have already been complicit in the problem by importing products of illegal origin should consider supporting producer countries in adapting their production methods to reduce socioenvironmental risks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão ambiental e a participação social em programas urbanos em Belém: o Programa de Saneamento da Estrada Nova
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) RIOS, Naiara de Almeida; LIMA, Ana Carolina Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0290918767412787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-5169-6739; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Social participation is one of the hallmarks of Brazil's redemocratization from the 1990s onward. During this period in the city of Belém, social movements were connected to the struggle for better living conditions, particularly in the lowland (floodplain) areas of the city. The demand for sanitation and macro-drainage projects became one of their key issues. These areas have a history of unplanned occupation and have grown on the fringes of sanitation, health, safety, and leisure services. Additionally, the floodplains are floodprone areas, and with intense urbanization, flooding has become one of the biggest problems, causing socio-environmental disruptions and material losses for their inhabitants. In response to this reality, in 2005, the city government created the Sanitation Program of the Estrada Nova Basin – PROMABEN, inspired by the residents of the lowland areas of the Estrada Nova watershed (comprising the neighborhoods of Jurunas, Condor, Cremação, Guamá, Cidade Velha, Batista Campos, São Brás) since the 1990s. The program aimed to develop sanitation and macro-drainage works in the area, benefiting more than 300,000 residents directly and indirectly. PROMABEN was designed from the perspective of the democratic city management model, thus social participation is an obligatory component of this program, also guaranteed in the operational policies of its main financier, the IDB. Consequently, the Community Participation Program (PPC) of PROMABEN was created, which aims to include mechanisms for perception and social involvement of the residents, ensuring transparent and democratic intervention, enabling the discussion of social demands and aspirations. This study's main objective is to analyze social participation in the Estrada Nova basin through the actions of PROMABEN. To structure the thesis, the work was divided into six chapters. To achieve the defined objectives, three important stages were considered: the first involved secondary data collection, the second involved interviews with program technicians and community leaders in the area, and the last involved data analysis and results. Based on the collected results, it was possible to create a participation indicator, developed from the relationship between the interviewees' perceptions and the results indicators signaled by the PPC. These indicators were divided into three main groups to facilitate analysis (Quality of life, Strengthening of organizations, and Social and environmental improvements). The Quality of life indicator was considered poor, the Strengthening of organizations indicator was evaluated as poor, and Social and environmental improvements were seen as moderate. It is believed that the social organization of the basin's residents has promoted various socio-environmentalimprovements, but these are not directly linked to PROMABEN. The social initiatives showed that they are an attempt by residents to bring dignity to the area, which continues to suffer from political neglect and lacks sanitation, education, health, and leisure services. According to the residents interviewed, social participation within the program was seen as limited and simplistic, and thus did not contribute significantly to transforming the area's socio-environmental reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tjina ydubry gap pom mo (Nosso território com morro grande): histórias, memória coletiva e percepções sobre o território e a biodiversidade entre os Arara (Karib) da TI Cachoeira Seca
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-01-28) BUILES PUERTAS, Diego Fernando; FOLHES, Ricardo Teophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
The Arara (Karib) indigenous people of Pará, were particularly famous in the 1980s, when news became widespread from local media to national and international spheres, about conflicts between, Arara people groups with settlers and non-indigenous workers who arrived following the colonization and development initiatives of the military government in the 1960s. To continue the works and projects, the government created the Arara Attraction Front (AAF) since 1971. In 1982 and 1983, a AAF was contact the Arara groups that make up the current “Arara Indigenous Land”, and in 1987, was contact the last Arara group that inhabiting a current “Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land”. Even though the limits of the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land were approved in 2016, the regularization was not completed, due to the setbacks in the process, and non-indigenous people, remain in the Indigenous Land. Taking advantage of loopholes in the process, illegal invaders deforest, traffic in timber, grab land, raise livestock, and exploit resources for exclusive use, ignoring constitutional and legal provisions. Another structural issue, consisting of the legitimization of asymmetrical actions of invasion and seizure of the territory of indigenous peoples, based on the rhetorical discourses of “empty territory” or inhabited by “people lacking useful knowledge for civilization”, has also taken effect, in imposition of economic and political interests. Due to the interaction of all these elements, and their continuity, despite permanent community complaints and the actions of institutions in charge of protecting the territory and biodiversity, the situation is framed as a problem of lack of efficiency and effectiveness in policies and actions of territorial protection of the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land. To contribute to improving this situation, we analyzed the forms of use of the territory and biodiversity, based on documentary information, the record of collective memory and the documentation of perceptions and the traditional knowledge collection of the Arara people of Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land. Documentary review, interaction in the villages and recording in a field diary were used. Participatory and collaborative workshops, mapping and zoning, conversations, interviews and monitoring expeditions to areas of biodiversity use were also held. In chapter I, the historical elements analyzed are presented, focusing on the Arara (Karib) people and their traditional territory in Xingu Region. In chapter II, elements of the diaspora and mobility of the Arara groups are presented in dialogue with the collective memory of Tjibie Arara and her daughter Iogo Arara about of contact experience with the karei (non-indigenous people). In chapter III, elements on perceptions and the traditional knowledge about the territory and biodiversity use, for food and survival are presented. Maps and figures are presented with reconstructions of historical mobility; details of the fragmentation of the Arara groups territory by colonization and development projects; cultural and food calendars; and the ethno zoning of Special Indigenous Management Areas (AMEIs in Portuguese language) and Territorial Areas of Recurrent Invasions after the “Transamazonic highway” construction (ATRITs in Portuguese language).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do município de Altamira (PA) sob a ótica dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) das Nações Unidas utilizando a ferramenta barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963
In recent decades, there have been more debates related to environmental damage that has been causing changes at a global level, according to the understanding of the finitude of natural resources. The Amazon figures as a protagonist when thinking about the protection of the global ecological heritage. Given its importance, the largest tropical forest in the world has been contemplated with several projections to preserve it. Altamira is a municipality in the center of the Legal Amazon and figures as a reflection of the main problems faced in this territory. Traditional populations coexist with agribusiness, and both are flooded by large projects, although one side benefits more. The rural and the urban areas also provide the municipality with a contrast that makes it especially difficult to point out or even define what would be sustainable. Despite the numerous conflicts that do not allow this territory to homogenize, this thesis sought to carry out a socio-environmental analysis based on the axes of human well-being and environmental well-being, of multidisciplinary nature, for the municipality of Altamira, based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and thus evaluate the main obstacles to the full sustainable development of the municipality. To obtain the results, the methodology used is called the Barometer of Sustainability (BS) and is the result of the major global conventions that debate the courses that take the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The results obtained showed that Altamira has an intermediate level for sustainability and reflects the need for a special look of the government to the indicators related to the great socio-economic axis as well as the need for the elaboration of strategies to remedy and contain the problems related to the great environmental axis. It was then concluded that the municipality of Altamira is far from achieving the goals established by the 2030 agenda, but that it presents breath and has demonstrated subtle changes that are moving towards achieving such objectives. Finally, although limited, this thesis was intended to date a result and create a basis for future research that aims to analyze, add, or even refute results obtained for the municipality of Altamira.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Turismo das Origens: resistências nas práticas festivas e turísticas da Comunidade Quilombola Dona Juscelina na região norte do Tocantins, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-18) SUDRÉ, Stephanni Gabriella Silva; FIGUEIREDO, Silvo José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1639
This study highlights the role of festivals in the Dona Juscelina Quilombola Community as fundamental expressions of quilombola identity and memory, which, although they attract visitors, transcend the recreational nature of the gathering. These festivities are configured as spaces for political and social construction and, through ancestry, promote collective consciousness and the strengthening of community ties. In this context, the following questions arise: what elements and social practices are present in quilombola festivals? How can social practices contribute to a multiple vision of tourism and the notion of Tourism of Origins? In view of this, the main objective of this study is to analyze the original-ancestral practices in quilombola festivals in northern Tocantins and identify their interface with tourism. Thus, the following specific objectives were established: to characterize quilombola festivals, the community and its agents; to identify the original-ancestral practices of quilombola festivals; and to investigate the elements and strategies of the community in festivals in tourism. In this sense, qualitative and interdisciplinary methods were used, including interviews and focus groups, based on social research, in the Dona Juscelina Quilombola Community, in the north of the state of Tocantins. Multidimensional analysis of festive and tourist practices was used to generate data, which revealed the depth of these encounters, which incorporate symbolic elements, rituals and social interactions, providing an immersive tourist experience in the quilombola culture. In addition, the festivals act as educational, anti-racist and social awareness tools, triggering debates on broad themes, such as self-management, cultural recognition and social justice. It was observed that quilombola festivals can be understood as dynamic networks of reaffirmation of autonomy and community organization, essential for tourist experiences in the community. Therefore, the notion of Tourism of Origins emerges, which emphasizes the value of quilombola knowledge and practices, breaking a paradigmatic rupture with traditional tourism models by valuing ancestral knowledge and questioning the power structures imposed by the tourist market. Origin tourism promotes a perspective on multiple opportunities to understand tourism, focused on the practices of quilombola communities, which are determined by the protagonism and ethnic values of quilombolas. Finally, it highlights the resistance of quilombola communities in the face of economic, social and environmental pressures, where tourism is capable of becoming a tool for social strengthening and community cohesion, consolidating an approach that respects and strengthens the ancestral quilombola identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Re-existências de mulheres no território agroextrativista Pirocaba, Baixo Tocantins, Pará: por uma comunicação agroecológica, feminista e popular
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-08) REIS, Tatiana Nazaré Amaral Ferreira; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
Women from the Pirocaba Agroextractivist Territory, in Abaetetuba, in the Baixo Tocantins region, actively participate in resistance movements against the installation of the Private Use Terminal by the Cargill global trader, aimed at accelerating the export of commodities, mainly soybeans and corn. Women from Pirocaba dedicate themselves to working in activities such as agroecological agriculture, extractivism, craftwork and fishing, recording production in Agroecological Logbooks, instruments based on feminist economics, aimed at valuing women's work and production. It is argued that the use of Logbooks since 2018 has encouraged the productive and socio-territorial organization of Pirocaba, among other benefits. This thesis adopts action research as its main methodology in order to understand how counter-hegemonic communication, which opposes the hegemony of large media corporations, can strengthen Pirocaba women's resistance by promoting visibility of their Amazonian ways of life and the feminist and popular economy that they practice. In the first stage of the research, the potential of Agroecological Logbooks was investigated to support territorialized communication processes facing the challenges experienced by women of the Pirocaba territory. In the second stage, we proceeded to understand how large enterprises, especially Cargill's Private Use Terminal project in Abaetetuba, use “community relations” tools to defend their hegemonic interests. In the final stage of the research, conversation circles and communication workshops were put into practice with a group of women from the territory, resulting in the creation of the Vozes do Pirocaba podcast, an instrument of agroecological, feminist and popular territorial based communication carried out in a participatory manner throughout its design and distribution process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tribunais de Contas e o controle fiscal das contas públicas: um estudo sistêmico autorreferencial no âmbito do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-26) PANTOJA, Fernanda Pinheiro; PONT VIDAL, Josep; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4415362518177732
In the face of the complex panorama of oversight and control of public accounts, this research sought an innovative and systemic knowledge approach concerning Audits Courts as organizations, particularly focusing on their performance as well as their intra and inter- institutional communication. While, on the one hand, academic production admits the centennial importance of these public bodies in public administration oversight, highlighting them as essential for the quality of democracy, on the other hand, there are also studies showing ambiguities between what these bodies do and what they are supposed to do. Thus, from the perspective of the General Theory of Social or Self-Referential Systems, which acknowledges the relevance and uniqueness of communications in understanding social phenomena, the functioning of these organizations was examined. To this end, a heuristic research was conducted with hypothesis formulation, aiming to analyze the informational flows established between the TCE-PA (Audit Court of the State of Pará) as an organizational system and the political-administrative system of Pará (including the Executive Power and the Parliament), regarding the control and oversight of governmental fiscal management and their respective effects on public accounts management practices. This is an exploratory-descriptive study of a qualitative nature, whose data collection included bibliographic and documentary research, complemented by semi-structured interviews conducted with one-third of the deliberative body of the institution in question. Subsequently, the data were subjected to content analysis techniques. The research, in the examined, based on the choices and distinctions carried out during the observation process, resulted in an explanatory scheme of this communicational dynamic. The main results highlight that: the autopoietic process of the TCE-PA as an organizational system stems from interactions between norms, procedures, and decisions taken, which continuously reproduce and update its operations and institutional functions. This not only underscores the uniqueness of the entity in question but also reveals, in light of the systemic interpenetration process, its capacity for mobilization and connection with different organizations, as it operates in distinct functional systems. The information and messages produced and issued by TCE-PA, within the scope of its constitutional and legal competencies, reverberate in the public accounts management practices in Pará, albeit asymmetrically, considering, among other factors, the different and divergent aspects involved in the conception of normative rules, regulatory guidelines, and procedures that guide fiscal control in the country.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assentamentos rurais e reservas extrativistas: acesso e barreiras ao sistema de saúde no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-03) OLIVEIRA, Antonio Idalmir Rodrigues de; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
The study aims to evaluate the phenomena that affect the access to health services in population groups living in Rural Settlements and Extractive Reserves, in the Northeast Paraense, with the perspective of verifying the existence of social exclusion configured by barriers of access to public health services. In the Brazilian Amazon region, the difficulties in providing care in cities in the region are noticeable because of the structural and political challenges for the implementation of public health policies that would require more appropriate planning for the region. With this, we have several implications for the organization of the local health system. Given this scenario, we will research the sites established in this study, which were delimited: the Cupiúba Federal Settlement in Castanhal; the Taperuçu Federal Settlement in São Domingos do Capim; the 5 de Outubro Informal Rural Settlement in Castanhal; the Vera Cruz Informal Settlement in Curuçá; the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve; and the Mãe Grande Extractive Reserve in Curuçá. In addition to verifying the availability of professionals, supplies, equipment, and technologies available, thus representing a condition of barriers to access or not to basic health care services. Meanwhile, it is urgent to contextualize the lack of access to health services as a form of being excluded from basic rights, which the population expects to be available when they need them. We will also observe, in this study, the difficulty of access of the population to medical professionals during all the working hours of the Basic Health Units, a fact that has been evidenced in studies, more markedly in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. In order to identify and evaluate the existence of barriers to access to public health services, through its main programs, in Rural Settlements and Extractive Reserves in the Microregion of Guamá in Northeastern Paraense, to verify the existence and level of social exclusion from the evidence of barriers to access to public health services by citizens residing in these territories; to characterize the barriers to access to existing health services in each location, observing the differences in the promotion of public health services in the territories delimited in the project; to evaluate the reality of local health structures, in the generation of public health services, by verifying the existence and levels of imposition of barriers to access to these services; to obtain the health indicators at the level of basic health care coverage in the Settlements and Extractive Reserves inserted in the research. Based on these objectives, we will investigate to what extent public health services of primary care in Rural Settlements and Extractive Reserves are not inclusive and how the barriers of access to health services are constituted for the residents of these areas included in the research project.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo, sustentabilidade e origem: segmentação e estratégias para mercados locais de produtos da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-08) FERREIRA, Mariana Faro; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The Amazon is widely regarded as a realm of abundant possibilities within the context of the bioeconomy, owing to the vast size and diversity of its biocultural resources. However, scant attention has been paid to the consumption perspective concerning factors that could impact the development of local markets for products embodying the unique characteristics of the region. This research, grounded in the theoretical framework of marketing and consumer behavior studies, seeks to a) scrutinize elements linked to the concept of sustainable consumption and associated consumer behaviors; b) identify consumption patterns of the population of Belém city, Pará, Brazil; and c) propose market segmentation-based marketing strategies that contribute to the growth of local markets for Amazonian products. A literature review, employing Content Analysis (CA), revealed key elements of the sustainable consumption concept. These encompass the multidimensionality of the concept, encompassing social and environmental aspects alongside economic considerations; its robust association with the notion of Sustainable Development, thereby affording it a broad scope easily embraced as discourse by diverse sectors, yet posing challenges in guiding production and consumption practices. To guide practices, we consider that operational definitions must include: a) emphasis on multiple dimensions (social, environmental and economic), b) scope of product and processes, c) inclusion of production and consumption impacts and e) indication of the levels of action considered (whether individual, collective or public/governmental). Findings from a survey involving a probabilistic sample of the population in Belém (PA) indicated that consumers in the capital prioritize functionalities, fragrance, price, and ingredients as their primary criteria when selecting shampoos. Concerning origin, both generally and specifically in local production within the Amazon, this was not deemed a significant attribute by any of the demographic profiles in the studied population. Strategies for Amazon-based businesses were subsequently proposed based on the discussed results, encompassing all four levels of the marketing mix (product, place, promotion, and price). These strategies incorporate elements for differentiation based on origin, capitalizing on the region's unique features for product development, and acknowledging the idiosyncrasies of three distinct segments of Pará state consumers. In summary, a focus is suggested on: a) the development of products oriented to local demand; b) differentiation by origin; c) increased availability; and d) positioning by quality. In a scenario of growing interest in the bioeconomy, the development of marketing strategies aimed at the sustainable consumption of products originating in the Amazon will still face broad concepts and lack of knowledge about the behavior of local consumers, difficulties that can be overcome by focusing on product attributes, greater information about consumption and economic and cultural valorization of its socio-biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Direito de permanecer: turismo de base comunitária e desenvolvimento endógeno na Ilha de Marajó - Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-19) BOULHOSA, Marinete da Silva; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1639
This thesis analyzes community-based tourism on the island of Marajó, led by the coastal communities of Caju-una, Céu and Pesqueiro, in the municipality of Soure, which are part of the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, in an attempt to understand how local communities are appropriating tourism. The objective is to understand how this way of developing tourism can contribute to the endogenous development and autonomy of these communities. To achieve this analysis and understanding, the following specific objectives are: identifying community tourism experiences on Marajó Island, as a collective social practice; analyze the forms of local organization for the development of community-based tourism, the agents and activities involved in the process; characterize the profiles of tourists/visitors and analyze the socialization processes of these tourist experiences and the connections with the tourist trade; and problematize public policies related to tourism on the Island. The analysis of communitybased tourism practices was based on the principles of endogenous development, which values local resources and the participation of communities in the development process, and post-development, which questions traditional notions of development, bringing centrality and resistance of the place. The research also considered the perspectives of decoloniality, buen vivir and ecosocioeconomy, which propose a non-Eurocentric and more holistic view of development, considering power relations and the worldviews of local communities. The research is of an applied nature, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, with exploratory, descriptive and explanatory objectives, and bibliographical research procedures, field research and action research. The research results pointed to the emergence of an embryonic process of tourism in Marajó that takes place based on local initiatives, which despite the problems and limitations it presents, have generated socioeconomic benefits for communities, in contrast to the exclusionary conventional tourism model that has been occurring for decades in Marajó. The results of the thesis will contribute to the understanding of communitybased tourism practices on the island of Marajó and to reflection on fairer and more democratic development alternatives, considering local specificities and the communities perspectives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empobrecimento da experiência social por hidrelétricas de grande porte: mudanças nas trajetórias tecnológicas da Velha Jacundá (Brasil) e Amaluza (Equador) na década de 1970.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-07) SOLÓRZANO ORELLANA, Jessica Alejandra; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-1415
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desmatamento em territórios tradicionalmente ocupados: disputas, conflitos e significados do reflorestamento e da restauração florestal no Bico do Papagaio Tocantinense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-16) BESSA, Mayara Suellen Costa; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
Traditional communities and Indigenous Peoples living in transition areas between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are suffering pressure from the spread of forestry monocultures over their territories. The present work aims to understand the perception of indigenous people from Aldeia Cocalinho, in the Apinayé Indigenous Land, in Tocantins, and the Community of Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu Sete Barracas, also in Tocantins, about reforestation activities based on projects developed in the region do Bico do Papagaio (TO), in the municipalities of São Bento do Tocantins and São Miguel, respectively by the companies Suzano and Nobleinvest. The research proposes to observe the reforestation projects of forestry companies in perspective of the traditional agricultural practices of these two communities, in order to highlight the contradictions of the corporate reforestation model, predominant in the Bico do Papagaio region. The approach of this research is qualitative, with ethnography and semistructured interviews. The thesis defended is that the forestry companies Suzano and Nobleinvest caused and still cause accumulation through spoliation, especially through deforestation in areas appropriated or acquired for eucalyptus and teak monocultures. As part of the consolidation of these companies over collective territories, there is a justification for carrying out reforestation activities, which create a new mechanism for expropriation of ways and means of life in Aldeia Cocalinho and the Sete Barracas Community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Exploração de recursos faunísticos na Amazônia: história, economia e meio ambiente (do Brasil Colônia ao Império)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-04) SOUSA, Girlian Silva de; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
This work aims to analyze the insertion of the Amazon economy into commercial capitalism based on faunal extractivism in the period from 1759 to 1830, which comprises the stage of conquest and consolidation of the territory. To this end, the process of producing data relating to faunal extractivism in the Brazilian Amazon during the time frame established, the participation of faunal extractivism in the dynamics of Brazil's insertion into mercantilism, the Portuguese colonizing model in the Brazilian Amazon, and finally, the role of faunal extractivism in the insertion of the Amazon Valley into the dynamics of mercantile capitalism, from the perspective of the organization of the workforce. The originality of this documentary research is evident in the volume and extent of the collection consulted, the length of the time frame, the scope of the territorial scope, and the diversity and volume of faunal resources researched, which encompasses Amazon turtle fishing and collecting eggs, fishing for manatee, arapaima and mullet. As a novelty, the use of alligator oil for lighting and as an ingredient in mortar compounds for buildings. The topic is approached from a heterodox theoretical basis, which allows discussing the Portuguese administrative model in the Brazilian Amazon, the mechanisms of subordination of the colony to metropolitan power, vicissitudes and influences in contemporary Brazilian society. The issue of the mode of production via compulsory labor and the mechanisms for appropriating indigenous technology is used as a canvas for the discussion about the centrality of faunal extraction for the colonization of the territory. The relative silence of economic historiography regarding the centrality of activities that enabled the production of products considered central in the study via economic cycles is questioned. As a strategy, this work provides a brief histographic review of the first economic activities carried out in Brazil – the trade in human beings and fauna. The results reveal, in summary, that without indigenous technology, which includes the knowledge that enabled faunal extraction, it would have been impossible for the Portuguese conquerors to consolidate their dominance over the territory and enable economic activities aimed at meeting the demands of the external market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Saúde indígena no Pará e sua interface com o Covid-19: planejamento, implementação e governança
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-01) RODRIGUES, Rosiane Pinheiro; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
Faced with the global, national and state scenario, affected by the new variant of the Coronavirus, international and national authorities launched measures that needed to be planned and implemented rigorously, in order to contain the spread of the virus and the impact of more individuals, with deaths and sequelae. This need was reinforced in the pandemic situation, based on the confirmed cases and deaths reported by COVID-19 among the indigenous peoples of the state of Pará. Thus, this thesis sought to analyze the processes of planning and implementing actions and services aimed at indigenous health, during this period of pandemic due to COVID19. To conduct this process, a mixed study was adopted, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, using a specialized bibliography focused on regionalization, indigenous health, interdisciplinarity, impacts of COVID-19, care networks, with historical documentation, regulations, theses, and scientific articles. The complexity posed by this study also required different methodologies, which helped the researcher understand and analyze the facts and phenomena from different perspectives, thus enabling interdisciplinary dialogue. Thus, descriptive-exploratory qualitative research was adopted and, therefore, a documentary analysis was carried out, based on the contingency plans against Covid-19 of the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health, of the state of Pará, of the Special Indigenous Health Districts of Pará and strategic municipalities, as well as the analysis of vaccination coverage and morbidity and mortality data of each district. As results found, it is important to mention that there was no planning linked to the municipalities as governed by legislation, the implementation of contingency plans had an impact on vaccination coverage and morbidity and mortality indicators, despite the “biases” of the route and the governance of actions and services during the pandemic they were “crossed” by macro and micropolitics that historically persist. There have been many advances, but there are still challenges to be overcome in the spaces of macro and micro politics of meetings between districts and municipalities, between districts and the Department of Public Health of the State of Pará, between districts and the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health, in the regions and macro-regions of Pará. Seeking strategies and strengthening existing ones, such as the steering group and the interagency commissions with indigenous health, can be a path to governance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano e desenvolvimento sócio-espacial: fiscalidade e extrafiscalidade aplicadas ao planejamento urbano, o caso de Belém, Pará (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-23) SILVEIRA, Mozart Victor Ramos; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
This thesis analyzes the potentialities and limitations regarding the implementation and strengthening of the Urban Land and Property Tax (IPTU) for real estate, given the fiscal and extra-fiscal possibilities in the production of urban space in Belém-Pará, as well as its implications for the dynamics and structure urban reality. Supported by the dialectical materialist method, the investigation used case studies using the following techniques: bibliographical research; documentary research; content analysis; semistructured interviews with agents from the Public Power, organized civil society and the real estate market; and direct observation. In this way, the form of taxation on urban property in Belém was problematized in light of the open theory of socio-spatial development; IPTU legislation was related to the socio-spatial dynamics of Belém, identifying gaps and possibilities for regulatory sanctions; and the configuration of participation and transparency in municipal management in relation to tax policy was analyzed, as well as its relationship with the problems and application of the aforementioned tax as an instrument of urban regulation. The results of the work indicate that, in the capital of Pará, there is a regressive tax application, with direct impacts on urban planning. There are mentions of extra-fiscal instruments, but with no applicability. Thus, it was found that the heteronomy of tax policies reduces the potential for the development of individual and collective autonomy, contributing to distortions in the urban environment and the maintenance of privileges.