Manejo de população de açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) em parcelas de produção de frutos em área de várzea

Abstract

The management of the açaí stem is done with the objective of increase fruit production and is given by the elimination of the little productive stems or surpluses stems, as well as others of their surroundings, for the purpose of reduce ecological competition for water, light and nutrients. The objective of the research was to contribute with the sustainable management of acai from the study of the relation between the different forms of management and the production of fruits. The study was carried out in three management parcels adopted in an area of one producer selected from among the 6 producers visited in the community of Manoel Raimundo, district of Janua Coeli in the municipality of Cametá, the case, therefore, of an establishment in peasant environment. From a qualitative and quantitative approach, as well as methodological procedures such as: observation and analysis of the landscape, interviews, forms and semi-random sampling it was possible to identify and select the management parcels through different management modes in relation to plant density control practices due to the thinning of stems in the acai plant, the elimination or thinning of the accompanying vegetation. Considering the management history of the parcels they were taken as treatment and called: Parcel 1 (Farmer management), Parcel 2 (Management of technical guidance) and Parcel 3 (Extractivism). Inside of each of them were demarcated with pickets three subparcels with dimensions of 6 m x 12 m each that corresponded the repetitions of the experiment. They were incurred samples to characterize the plant population morphologically through the indicators: number of açai palm per area, number of stems per plant of açai palm, number of bunches per stem, number of rachis per bunch, number of fruit per rachis and fruit weight. The data collected at the sites refer to the accompanying plants, the acai plants, pH and soil moisture. The results showed high variability of the indicators studied in the parcels and in the repetitions. Besides that, three forms of thinning of stems were identified, being classified as light, strong and without thinning. The research concludes that there is a thinning intensity in açaí plants in floodplain areas which results in a rhythm of production proportional to the control of thinning of stems and points to management as the main factor of fruit yield.