Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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“A água ficou presa pra lá”: transformações socioambientais a jusante da barragem de Tucuruí/PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-18) HOLANDA, Bianca da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
This dissertation treats about the memory of socioenvironmental transformations from what the riverisde peasents, register as changes, concerning to the fishing territory and the mapará consumption. I use as theorical references the social memory and the biocultural memory, associated to the concept of environmental disaster taking into account the man-nature principle. The work was realized in three riverside communities of Saracá island, municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru, Pará state. Located in the downstream region of the hydroelectric dam of Tucuruí, near of the mouth of Tocantins river. The work analyzes how the socioenvironmental transformations ocassioned by the Tocantins river dam disaster, reverbarate in the way of life and in the social reproduction of the riverside. Also it seeks to understand and describe the relation of the men with the fishes and their interactions with the environment. The research was realized with a qualitative approach based in the participant observation, and were made semi-structured informal interviews. The work considers that the damages are irreparable, the Tocantins river dam disrupted the aquatic ecosystems of the region, causing the reduction of the abundance and the diversity of fishes, affecting directly the way of life of the riverside populations. Even with shortage of fishing resources, the collective fishing of mapará’s borqueio, remais with an importance, not just economic, but symbolic and cultural. The knowledge involved in this activity is the result of the everyday and the experience of the fisher, natural observer of the river and the fishes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ação coletiva de agricultores integrados à agroindústria de dendê na Associação dos Moradores e Agricultores Familiares da Região do Igarapé-Açu de Baixo, em Irituia - Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-17) OLIVEIRA, Khety Elane Holanda de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
In this study, I analyze the performance of the common partners and the board of directors of the Association of Residents and Family Farmers of Igarapé-Açu de Baixo (Amafib), in the municipality of Irituia, Pará, in proposals related to collective action with its partners, the Central Social Organizations Between the Rivers Guamá and Capim (Consergc) and the multinational company Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) in the context of the integration of family agriculture to the agro-industry of palm. The methodology consisted of a case study with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The following were carried out: direct observation of meetings and work activities of the partners; non-directive and semi structured interviews between August 2019 and February 2020; and review of pertinent literature, prioritizing the categories collective action, associativism and productive integration. The results show that Amafib's actions with its partners have been favorable to the members of the association. In the cooperation with Consergc, several demands have been reached, such as the suitability of weighing the fruits for the digital balance, the sale of fertilizers by the company itself, the increase in the price paid for the palm oil and the marketing of tools through collective purchase. In a scenario of negotiations between the parties for the common good, Consergc has a leading role in the collective action and contributed to the good progress of the projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade, conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais sobre plantas alimentícias na comunidade quilombola do Jacarequara, Santa Luzia do Pará, Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) ALVES, Ellem Suane Ferreira; FITA, Didac Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290251127696280
The present study analyzes the role of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and practices related to food plants and how they influence the promotion of food and nutrition sovereignty and security (SSAN) in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, in Santa Luzia do Pará, Pará. For that, methods were used, with observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, participants, guided tour and free list. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized to proceed with data triangulation, in addition to calculating the citation frequency and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC) of the food plants inventoried. The results showed that productive practices such as the cultivation of homegardens, the extractivism of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.), fishing and hunting are the food base and a means of income generation. Important traditional knowledge is linked to these practices, where knowledge is built by the constant exchange between the quilombolas, across generations, and has as its core the dynamics of the natural environment that surrounds them. It was observed that seasonality influences the productive dynamics and the agricultural calendar of the community, always considering the relationship between the quilombolas and nature. The botanical inventory cataloged 140 food ethnospecies, with emphasis on the families Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9). Among the food plants with the highest ISC, açaí, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), mandioca/macaxeira (Manihot esculenta Crantz), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) and orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbe). Twenty-seven ethnovarieties of M. esculenta were cataloged, demonstrating its fundamental importance for the diet of the quilombolas, being composed of manioc and tapioca flour, beiju, manicueira, tucupi, among other foods. However, the advance of pasture areas on farms around the community and adherence to food habits outside the community imposed by capitalism, marked by the increase in consumption of processed foods mainly by children and young quilombolas, reflects changes and risks to food. These factors lead to a new food reality, which can also interfere with their permanence in the quilombo, income generation, respect for the quilombola way of life and the appreciation of traditional knowledge and practices existing and maintained there.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As florestas e as roças: a construção de uma territorialidade indígena na aldeia Pino’a Tembé (Alto rio Guamá, Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) OLIVEIRA, Dayana Portela de Assis; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
The primary objective of this study was to analyze how the Tembé territory, in and around the village of Pino'a (upper Guamá River, Pará) is built, with a focus on the importance of forests and agricultural fields. Research was carried out in an area of “retomada”, and thus sought to trace the territorial trajectory of the Tembé people within the larger context of history of this indigenous group. Later, the management practices in fields and forested areas of the Pino'a village were characterize. How management practices in these areas contribute to the construction of a local indigenous territoriality was also analyzed. Research was carried out using a qualitative, ethnographic approach, based on transcriptions and descriptions recorded in the field with a notebook, as well interpreting ethnographic data. In addition, participant observation was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted; secondary data were collected from books, journals, articles, among other sources. Research was first conducted with the oldest residents, with heads of households and their children, to analyze the importance of the agricultural areas and forests for the Tembé. In general, research involved the entire indigenous community of the Pino'a village, so to understand the local territoriality and a sense of belonging to the territory within the regional and local indigenous context. The interlocutors involved in this research process expressed themselves freely so that the researcher could understand their perceptions of reality, without interfering or inducing the interviewees in any specific direction. Research results show that the indigenous lands of the upper Guamá River were rife with territorial conflicts, since part of it was occupied by settlers and non-indigenous farmers. And, the stretch that is now the Pino'a village, beforehand was occupied by settlers, but by a process of extrusion, today this area is occupied by Tembé Indians. In this territory, the indigenous people cultivate manioc in the fields and make camps in the forests as a way to perpetuate their culture, through their habits and customs. The first fields were established in this initial period, as a way of survival and land resistance. Since this initial period, the Tembé have been creating territorial ties to the land and their farms and forests are interconnected as sources of food, shelter, protection and resistance, as they fight to remain in their territory. In this way, the fields and the forests are part of the local territoriality, since, the forests are linked to the practices of camping and collection of fruits such as açaí. Cultivation practices, on the other hand, go hand in hand with the party of the “Menina Moça”, linked through the local manioc variety: Mandiocaba, which is used during the ritual of passage from girl to woman, representing a symbolic act for the indigenous Tembé. In addition, the "roça" is very important to the production of foods, such as manioc flour, a staple of the Tembé diet. Therefore, it is in this territory, located on the indigenous land of the upper Guamá River and more specifically in the Pino'a village, that the Tembé reproduce their territoriality, perpetuating their ways of life, as well as their affective relationships between members and their ways of using the resources of cultivated areas in in their forests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O impacto da covid-19 na comercialização e no consumo de animais silvestres: um estudo sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional em tempo de pandemia no município de Abaetetuba/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-25) Costa, Tayara Silva; Fita, Dídac Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290251127696280
It is known that wild animals and their by-products continue to be handled in different cultures and societies, especially as the basis of the human diet. In this way, the present work aims to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trade of wild fauna and its by-products intended for food, analyzing whether consumers associate game meat with the contagion of the new coronavirus and, consequently, if they believe that frequent consumption of wild animals can threaten Food and Nutritional Security in the city of Abaetetuba/PA. The field period was between September 2019 and November 2020, with some gaps between visits to Abaetetuba. The main instruments of the methodology used were semi-structured interviews in loco and a questionnaire registered via the internet. There was no collection of biological material, this verification being the responsibility of the photographic record and the specific literature. As a result of the investigation, it can be seen that the free fair of the "beira" of Abaetetuba still represents a place of preservation of social and cultural relations, which strengthen affective ties and local knowledge. In it, there is an extensive network of relationships in which the commercialization of wild animals remains rooted in a chain of affinities that characterize the local sociocultural and symbolic identity, in addition to representing an important source of income and/or economic complement. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted, to a certain extent, the trade and consumption of wild animals, since, with the low supply of animal protein at the fair and the increase in domestic meat (cattle, chicken, pork...), there was an increase in the consumption of game meat, even though the price of this has also been high in the pandemic period. Game meat has become a cheaper, healthier and more durable alternative (salted). Thus, many consumers said they did not associate the contagion of COVID-19 with the consumption of bushmeat, as well as they did not believe that the frequent consumption of wild animals could threaten Food and Nutrition Security in the municipality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agropecuária dos Produtores Familiares Irituienses e o potencial de extratos de plantas medicinais no manejo de pragas e doenças do maracujazeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Clenilda Tolentino Bento da; ISHIDA, Alessandra Keiko Nakasone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756162526907626; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-185X; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
The present study aimed to broaden the knowledge of the productive systems, the social, economic and cultural aspects of the affiliates the Agricultural Cooperative of Family Farmers Irituienses (Irituia-PA), evaluating the effect of alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants grown by farmers on the in vitro growth of passion fruit culture of pathogens and reduce the severity of spot in the greenhouse as well as evaluate the potential of insecticide extracts on larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. 1758. In the survey, we used taped interviews and guided by previously structured questionnaires. It was noted that agriculture is the main economic activity for the cooperative, hand-to-work is familiar and the production system is based on temporary and perennial crops, fish farming, setting up small animals, in addition to the recovery work and preservation of native forest. The main medicinal plants grown by farmers are: basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), aloe (Aloe vera L.), boldo-the-kingdom (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), holy grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), d'vine garlic (Mansoa alliaceae Gentry) coramina (Pedilanthus tithymaloides Port), lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) NEBrown.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L .), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). To evaluate the antifungal effect on mycelial growth in vitro of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated passion fruit, alcoholics extracts were added to the culture medium (PDA) melting, 55 ° C at 1%. After solidification of the culture medium on the plates, they were deposited a fungus mycelium disk about 8 mm in diameter in the center of each plate. The control did not receive the treatment. Mycelial growth was assessed daily with the aid of a digital caliper until than the fungus one of treatments reached the ends of the plate. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 15 treatments and five repetitions. In the evaluation of the antibacterial effect on the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae the extracts were added to the medium 523 at a 1% concentration at 55 ° C. After the solidification of medium, it is deposited 100 L of bacterial suspension which is spread with the aid of a Drigalski handle. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 28 ° C and the experimental setup was completely randomized. The evaluation was conducted by counting the colony-forming units (CFU) on the plates. In the in vivo test, the extracts at 1% were applied in passion fruit plants with 2-3 pairs of true leaves three days before the pathogen inoculation. The experimental setup was randomized blocks with 16 treatments and five repetitions. The evaluation was 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after inoculation, copper oxychloride was used as the control treatment. In both trials the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the statistical analysis was performed by the Scott & Knott test (1974) using the statistical program SISVAR. It was found that all extracts have antifungal potential and, eucalyptus extract reduced the mycelial growth of all fungi studied with results between 21.06 to 51.73%. While the lemon balm, eucalyptus, garlic d'vine, mastruz, neem, aloe and vinegar extracts inhibited the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae from 15.35 to 30.3%. In greenhouse of Boldo-do-kingdom, coramina, ginger, neem, eucalyptus extracts and copper oxychloride promoted reducing the severity of bacterial spot between 27.24 and 53.86%. The evaluation of potential pesticide was used two methods, contact and topical application on larvae of Tenebrio molitor. In effect by contact of the contaminated surface, filter paper discs were impregnated with 700 μl of crude extracts for topical application route was used 3 μl extract applied to each larva. Which were held in camera of BOD, at 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity of 70% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 18 treatments and four replications evaluated daily. After 10 days it was found that contaminated surface in the extracts did not show insecticidal properties. However, the extracts, when topically applied, promoted mortality between 50 and 100%, demonstrating biocide effect against T. molitor larvae in the laboratory. In conclusion, Cooperative D'Irituia plays an important role in economic, social and cultural development of farmers. The adoption process of agro-ecological practices is occurring gradually. Based on the results obtained it can be inferred that the extracts of medicinal plants studied in this research, in addition to insecticide potential, they possess promising substances potentially that can be used as an alternative control in the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on passion fruit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As práticas de produção de leite dos agricultores familiares de Paragominas-Pará e as ditas “boas práticas” de produção: caminhos e descaminhos de uma aproximação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) CORRÊA, Cristiane Fonseca Costa; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Studies conducted in the eastern Amazon show milk production relevant to family farming. However, the national dairy sector has undergone profound changes in the aspect of standardization of milk due to international requirements, including generating changes in the Brazilian legislation. These changes eventually push the entire industry, including this region, to meet these requirements as operational standards have been established for the entire production chain, the good milk production practices. In the first article in a systemic approach of the plant and the construction of a typology of production systems found in this region, specifically in Paragominas in Para, we analyze the activities of diversity, the difficulties of adapting the infrastructure issues to best practices; and to move closer towards the establishment level, we made a typology of the practices of family farmers in a theoretical analysis of possible adaptation. Therefore, there were observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants and application of mixed questionnaires to 60 milk producing families in 12 rural communities in the municipality, in order to grasp the main difficulties for milk production in the Amazon region. The second article discusses the influences of good practice for milk production and the difficulties of adapting these procedures the Amazon family farming. We show that the Amazon farmer is characterized by its diversity both productive and social, highlighting the regional differentiation as the application of these procedures and resulting exclusion of ignoring local contexts where they are applied. In the third article, we consider good practice an exogenous innovation and question their contribution to the innovation process of family farmers. Approached compared themes of good practices to practices developed by farmers in the region; and present a path of evolution of one of the communities studied, showing the changes in the production system and practices by important local historical events. We note that the difficulties of adapting to Good practices are beyond the lack of knowledge and lack of resources but in government actions of infrastructure and commitment to the strengthening of family farming. As the most participatory action of support to production agencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comercialização como fator de mudança nas práticas de produtores de leite do município de Paragominas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Rozangela Sousa da; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
The dairy farming dynamics developed in the agrarian frontier in Eastern Amazon, especially the municipality of Paragominas, northeastern region of Pará state, it’s characterized by strong transformations of the natural environment as the sale of land-use rights, the establishment of pastures and the strong migratory influence from the southern and Midwest states of the country. To make the development policy of the Brazilian Amazon integration possible , the municipality of Paragominas comes up with the construction of the highway BR -14 , known as the highway Belém- Brasília, bringing perspectives of road- territorial integration from the Amazon to the other states of the Federation, providing the Amazon occupation. In recent years, however, significant changes are occurring in Paragominas related to the family farming with the implementation of public policies, rescuing the mixed or dairy farming as an alternative to generate significant and regular income throughout the year. The family farmers insertion in the dairy production chain introduces a new marketing logic, and changes to the production systems. These producers will invest in their production continuously, considering more than a food supply to their families or as a living savings. The general objective of this Master's dissertation was to identify and analyze the different ways of dairy production and its influence to the family farmers’ practices from the municipality of Paragominas, in the Pará State. This work was developed over the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 using: secondary data analysis; researching primary information with field surveys and application of questionnaires with semi-structured questions; preparation of typologies; and retrospective interviews based in the Moulin Method (2005), which is the study of rural transformation through the identification and interpretation of technical, economic and social changes occurred in terms of production systems as in the study area. Based on studies conducted about dairy farming with farmers from this municipality, it is found a change caused by these factors in their production systems, leading prospects of better investment, market insertion and improvement of quality of life. This change is due to external factors as migration, the dairy production structure, commercialization of products, and the recent sanitary inspections that occurred in the city
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A adoção de práticas agroecológicas por camponeses: estudo de caso no oeste maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-24) SÁNCHEZ COUTO, Xoán Carlos; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Agroecology has been defined as a science, a social movement and a set of alternative practices. Here we examine the last two dimensions. In order to study the social organization of Brazilian agroecology we used the political process theory, finding evidence that the Brazilian agroecological movement meets the requirements of this theoretical proposal for being considered as a social movement. In a second paper we focus on the problems surrounding technologies’ adoption by peasants in Western Maranhão. From a systems approach of the farm and through the construction of a typology of the production systems found in this region, we analyze the difficulties related to the adoption of agroecology, seen as a technical change from exogenous origin. Thus, we conducted participant observation, participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interviews in 38 peasant families in three rural communities. We also explored the opportunity of integration between agroecology and the dynamics of transformation of production systems, as an endogenous innovation process. In the third paper we apply the concepts of strategy and tactics to peasants’ decision making about adoption of agroecological practices. Focusing on those who have chosen the farm diversification strategy, we find a variety of diversification strategies and that criteria used for strategic decision making are different from those applied for tactical decisions. In a fourth paper we try to understand the motivations of family farmers in Western Maranhão to make their productive and technological choices, understanding the historical decisive factors for the differentiation of production systems, which caused only some of them had the opportunity to join the agroecological practices. Through retrospective analysis, we identified two transformation vectors, contributing to family farmers deem different answers to the same influences from the environment. External variables, attached to productive family decisions, influence the historical path of the farms. We found that not always the promotion of agroecology is consistent with peasant families’ logic. However, effective technical support and permanent interest groups about this innovation, perform an environment in which peasants feel more confident to adopt agroecological practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O extrativismo da andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) como foco mobilizador do Grupo de Trabalhadoras Artesanais e Extrativistas (GTAE) no sudeste do estado do Pará: motivações, estratégias, decisões e ações
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) PEREIRA, Camila Maciel de Souza; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2118741911414853; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531
The Amazon’ biome represents a multifaceted challenge today. Many proposals were and will be developed aiming at its conservation. The creation of differentiated Settlement’s projects such as the Agro-extractive Projects – PAE’s, present themselves as a possibility to articulate the presence of populations and the environmental preservation. This research had as main objective to understand the importance of the andiroba’s (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) extraction for the appearance and operation of the Artisanal and Extractivist Working Group (GTAE) of the PAE Praialta Piranheira, considering the environmental, economic and social dimensions. Even in front of intense conflicts generated by different interests of opposition groups, they developed several initiatives seeking the use of Non Timber Forest Products of the PAE, in order to value the standing forest. In this context, the GTAE's experience shows that it is possible to combine the management of Non Timber Forest Products to preserve the biodiversity, increasing the family’s income and valuing the woman's work.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Etnoconservação de sementes: trajetória, práticas e redes em comunidades indígenas Ticuna na Tríplice Fronteira Amazônica (Colômbia, Brasil e Peru)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) LÓPEZ ARBOLEDA, Beatriz Helena; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
The Reserch about ethnoconservation of native seeds was worked in comunities indigenous tribe of the Ticuna of Amazonian Triple Frontier of Brazil, Colombia and Peru. The situation of Triple Frontier area caused changes to the Ticuna people since the times of colonization, and soon after the exploitation of rubber. The changes were found in their housing areas and in their traditional practices. The permanence of Ticuna people in the border situation until today, demonstrates the relationship with their surroundings, that due to their ancestral knowledge has allowed them their handling and use. But the growth of the population of indigenous communities and its proximity to the urban centers endangered their ways of living. The indigenous communities of the Umariaçu II in Brazil, of Gamboa in Peru and of San Sebastian de los Lagos in Colombia, considered as the study locations, provided an understanding of the ways of ethnoconservation seeds by the experiences of their daily lives, which showed their imaginary perspectives around the seeds. The contact with both, community residents and their local and regional environment, allows us to understand their close relationship with nature, represented in their traditional practices. This contributes to conservation and preservation of seeds. For this work the seeds are approached from the residents´ perspective through time and space, being framed in seed storage practices, craft practices and fishing beyond the meanings of seeds in their stories as in their rituals. Due to the complexity of the territory it takes a systemic approach by identifying networks in relation of the seeds that enables a local, regional and global understanding.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Soberania alimentar dos indígenas Ticuna na Tríplice Fronteira Amazônica (Brasil-Peru- Colômbia): uma análise sistêmica da informação geográfica e a gestão do risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) CHICA MURILLO, Andrés; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
The following paper discusses respectively the topic of food in the areas farming, hunting and fishing among the indigenous Ticuna communities of Gamboa, San Sebastián de los Lagos and Umariaçu II in the states of Peru, Colombia and Brazil. All of them located in the Amazonian Triple Frontier Area; from the analysis of the economic, socio-political, cultural and environmental scenarios in the border region that have a direct impact on the territory, it applies to identify possible scenarios of vulnerability and threats within the various aspects associated with their food sovereignty as agricultural sustainable production base in the indigenous communities. Therefore, it is important to take a perspective of risks. These risks emerged of distinct historical and territorial processes in the context of environmental diversity, and the own socio-ecosystematical factors that considerhalf of the Amazon. This are key components of the natural and man-made landscape, as well as cultural singularities. For that there are new accesses of life interpretation in nature society within the history of worldviews in relation of border contexts and its effects on food security policies of each nation-state. The interpretation of the territory through the knowledge that the communities have, together with different arts, used carrying out agricultural activities and fishing, stimulates the reading of the Ticuna customs and their traditional knowledge. Similarly, the diversity of the present cultures on the farm are also subjects to analyze. The aim was to analyze the territory and space management, the production times and cultural reproduction of complex intercultural relationships and the commercial trade. Other factors that were analyzed were how the relations with market societies, population dynamics and summarizing the dialogue between different knowledge as fundamental actors for the regions ́ social, economic, political and cultural development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência da intensificação da produção de açaí (Euterpe oleracea. Mart.) na diversidade de atividades produtivas de ribeirinhos no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) COSTA, Ana Paula Dias; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native fruit of the Amazon biome prevalent in the Amazon estuary. Its reach is extending progressively throughout northeastern Pará, especially in areas of floodplain forest. This expansion is driven by recent interest driven by new markets, both nationally and internationally. This situation is leading farmers in river communities to adopt the intensification of açai in order to increase fruit yields. In this context, this research evaluated the influences that the process of intensification in the management of acai is having on the productive diversity of the Amazon estuary. The studies were conducted in the community of Santo Antônio, municipality of Igarapé-Miri, and evaluated productive activities, the system of production, and changes in relation to the diversification of production activities. The research was grounded in qualitative and quantitative approaches. 60 families were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires, and a retrospective analysis conducted through historical interviews was used to understand the evolutionary trajectory of productive activities in the community and the application of new practices that have benefited from the intensive management of açai. This methodological approach gave rise results indicating that river farmers of the community of Santo Antônio have, over the years, adapted production activities, and that historical processes have favored the development of some activities and the abandonment of others. As market demand has facilitated the expansion and intensification of acai fruit cultivation, there is added value of açaí fruit compared to other production activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A integração camponesa ao monocultivo de dendê: subordinação e transformação do campesinato amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) VIEIRA, Ana Carolina Casemiro; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
The process of peasant integration to monoculture of oil palm is formed by asymmetric social and economic relationships that cause the peasant subordination to capital, the indebtedness of households trend to contribute to the specialization of production in this social group. These factors together account for socioeconomic transformations in Amazon peasantry, which in this context seeks different ways to restore and ensure their social and cultura\l reproduction minimizing the effects of this subordination. This work aims to study the case of peasant integration to monoculture of palm from Agropalma company, in the Baixo Tocantins region, in Moju and Tailândia- Pará, having a look on: 1. the socio-spatial transformations when we will examine the expropriation of land and the recovery of the peasantry; 2. the subordination and the indebtedness of peasant families to the company through the analyzes of the social relationship agreement and its economic implementation in peasant life; 3. The agricultural specialization and the peasant recovery through the analyzes of the agricultural calendars of palm in its different phases of the cycle of production coupled with the analysis of the agricultural calendar of traditional peasant culture. These analyzes reveal the trend of agricultural specialization of farmers and that the agricultural calendars from different crops doesn’t hinder the maintenance of traditional farming, but the overwork-force required for implementation and management of palm monocultures does. In addition, the study reveals that the requirement of labor force changes according to the monoculture life cycle, which encourages peasant families to reorganize their traditional units of production and the peasant family economy, creating new forms of social reproduction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As práticas sociais e jurídicas na gestão dos babaçuais como recurso natural de uso comum nas comunidades tradicionais de quebradeiras de coco babaçu: estudo de caso do Povoado Três Poços - MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MONTEIRO, Aianny Naiara Gomes; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The traditional communities of babaçu coconut breakers, in which include those who self- appointed themselves as rural workers, have a differentiated relationship with the natural resources through specific ways of access and use, in order to ensure their reproduction physical, social, material and symbolic. In this relationship, these social groups collectively perform social and legal practices of access, possession and use of natural resources and require State guarantees to carry it out fully. This dissertation deals with the problematic of the existence social and cultural groups differentiated that use natural resources collectively, even after the formal recognition of the communities traditional existence and, therefore, the Brazilian cultural and ethnic plurality, prevails in the Brazilian official right the view positivist and dogmatic among its entrants, hindering the full realization of to live of these groups. In the case of Três Poços community, located at the municipality of Lago dos Rodrigues, in the Maranhão State, it was found that local legal practices are overlapping the official Law, especially regarding the use of private property, in the current local territorialization process. The aim of this dissertation is become visible the existence of own dynamic of these groups, identifying the resignification of the legal instruments actuated, through a truly pluralist analysis of the question.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comida que vem da mata: aspectos etnoecológicos da caça em uma comunidade quilombola da Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho (Amazônia, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) FIGUEIREDO, Rodrigo Augusto Alves de; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
This work presents some appearances related to the use of the wild animals in alimentary practices by habitants of Vila of Joana Peres, a community quilombola of the Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) Ipaú-Anilzinho (Pará, Brazil), tackling: ethno-species used, alimentary preferences, alimentary security, strategies of obtaining of the food, political conditions and partner-environmental. The theoretical contribution of the investigation is associated to the field of the ethnoecology, wrapping authors like Descola, Victor Toledo and other theorists that developed anthropological studies around the relation man and animal in the Amazônia. The methodological procedures wrapped mainly the observation participant, open interviews and semi-structured, and the results were analysed from the qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The work revealed that the activity of hunting wraps so many nutritional appearances how much socioculturales in the plan of reproduction of the families, that, from his ways to eat and organize the space, establish diverse relations with the foods connected to the uses, habits, imaginary, symbolic and economic and environmental infrastructure, between others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O livre pastejo do gado bovino na via pública de áreas urbanas: considerações a partir do caso dos pecuaristas urbanos do Município de Castanhal (Pará, Brasil, Amazônia Oriental)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) RUAS, Robertho Marconi Santos; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
The work focuses on some life aspects related to an urban cattle ranching family that herds its animals within the urban area of Castanhal Municipality (Pará, Brazil, Eastern Amazonia). It aims to describe and analyze the specific sequence of events that marked the progressively conflicting relationship between the family and its social environment, emphasizing the motivations, mindsets, arguments and points of view underlying the actions performed by the actors involved in the process over time. The method used was the case study, associated mainly with participant observation, semistructured interviews, debates and guided tours to representative spaces to the interlocutors’ history, which were applied in field from June 2013 until February 2014. The first aspect on focus was the social conflict itself, the rough argument performed by the family members and various sectors of society (neighbors, fellow citizens, legislators, government and other authorities) in different moments of their trajectory. The second aspect detailed was the socialization process developed in the children’s upbringing within the family environment and the shifts in its orientation, due to the social pressure against the maintenance of cattle grazing in the urban seat. The third aspect analyzed referred to the contextualization of how the cattle grazing points gradually shifted along the land and how it influenced the formation of new working groups compositions within the family under discussion over specific moments in time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tradição, memória e direitos em uma comunidade de quebradeiras de coco babaçu: o caso do povoado Centrinho do Acrísio em Lago do Junco, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MARTINS, Pedro Sergio Vieira; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The tradition of babassu nut breaker communities, emanated from both family farming and and breaking of the coconut, is affected and affects several factors, including the various legal instruments over time. The reproductive strategies of these communities and the renewal of their tradition required the redefinition of legal instruments around the regularization and private property. This dissertation presents the complex relationship developed between the community called Centrinho do Acrísio, in the municipality of Lago do Junco, Maranhão, and the State, especially given the legal means of access to land. This study investigates the trajectory of adaptation, transformation and redefinition of the different aspects of this traditional babassu nut breakers community. These processes highlight the shortcomings of monistic and conservative version of Brazilian law, and gives a critical element to the imbalance between positive right and the right that is intended to be a law. No more than that, the renewal of the traditional aspects occurs when communities take on new identities and organizational forms in which conquering the new practice rights
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interações tritróficas entre moscas-das-frutas, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitoides das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) SOUZA, Natália Silva de; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
Brazil is the third largest producer of fruits in the world. The tropical fruits market is a promising economic activity, being in expansion in the State of Pará, Brazil. The fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests in fruticulture around the world. Biological control is one of the tactics used in fruit flies integrated management helping reduce their population density and contributing to increase natural enemies populations. Different brazilian regions have reported interactions between of fruit flies and their parasitoids. This research aims to contribute with increase of scientific knowledge about the distribution of fruit flies in the State of Pará, reporting their occurrence, host plants and parasitoids. The study was conducted in representative cities from Northeast and Southeastern regions of the Pará, particularly in the municipalities of Tome-Açú and Marabá, respectively. The fruit flies samples were randomly collected. The indices of fruit fly infestations (Imf) were expressed by the mean number of larvae per fruit and per kilo of fresh fruit. The parasitism rates (Ip) were calculated based on the number of emerged parasitoids in relation to the known number of pupae. The emerged parasitoids were identified in the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in Belém (Pará) and Embrapa Amapá, in Macapá (AP). In Tome-Açú city, the fruit species Barbados cherry (Malpighia punicifolia), hog plum (Spondias mombin), guava (Psidium guajava), ice-cream bean (Inga edulis), and mango (Mangifera indica) are important repositories of fruit fly populations. In the southeast region of Pará, M. punicifolia, P. guajava, starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), and I. edulis are the main fruit species host of fruit fly populations. Only Anastrepha species occur and infest fruits in both regions studied. This research reported the first association of: A. fraterculus with starfruit in the Amazonian region (Tome-Açú); A. sororcula with starfruit in the State of Pará (TomeAçú); A. obliqua with camocamo in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú); the fruit fly (specie A. obliqua) in cashew fruit in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú and Marabá); fruit-flies (A. obliqua and A. distincta species) in mango in the State of Pará; first association of A. distincta with mango in Brazil (Tome-Açú); the fruit fly A. obliqua with Pouteria caimito in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú) and; A. serpentina with Santô in Brazil (Tome-Açú).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas agroecológicas na roça sem queima e organização do trabalho familiar na comunidade Barra do Leme, Pentecoste, Ceará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MOTA, Nashira Remígio; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
Analyze the relationship between the use of agroecological practices and the organization of family labor in Barra do Leme, Pentecost community, Ceará is the goal of this study. The research was conducted from a case study, where participant observation and non-directive interviews were used to collect field data. The methodological approach was both qualitatively and quantitatively. The practice observed was swidden without burning held by all members of the community. This practice changed the relationship of the community farmers with the swidden. Among other aspects observed, it was revealed decreased duration the cultivation cycle which now begin only with the onset of the rains; fixation of farmers in growing areas, discouraging the use of new cultivation areas the adoption of the manuring as a form of alternative to soil fertilization by burn; and the increase of livestock farming in the community.