Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 203

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trabalho infanto-juvenil no uso do manguezal e a educação fundamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-04-30) BLANDTT, Lucinaldo da Silva; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588
Work of 6 to 14 years old children is important for the survival of their families, however, it does not contribute to the monetary family income that based upon commercial fisheries, crab processing and agriculture. From an age of 4 years onwards children are encouraged to work by their parents. However, only 7 years old boys and 5 years old girls contribute significantly to the subsistence of their families. From an age of 14 years parents push their children to earn money by selling products to local agents. For teenagers remunerated work is indispensable for self support. 40% of the children between 7 and 14 years work instead of going to school which is a big obstacle for their education. The socio-economic and educational situation of children and teenagers living in the Bragança area may be improved by the process of participation and transdisciplinarity, as an effective sustainability element, as it may allow them to escape from the poverty cycle that their families are part of far generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise econômica da “produção invisível” nos estabelecimentos agrícolas familiares no Projeto de Assentamento Agroextrativista Praialta e Piranheira, Município de Nova Ipixuna, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-05-29) MENEZES, Antonio José Elias Amorim de; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026511676619526
This work discusses the importance of invisible production in the composition of total income of small farmers at the agricultural frontier in the Amazon, marked strongly by agrarian conflicts, as is the case of southeast Pará State. The data used in this study were obtained from field research undertaken with 78 small farmers of the Praialta and Piranheira Agroextractivist Settlement Project, Nova Ipixuna municipality, Pará, in 2001. The general objective of this work was to know in what form the invisible production contributes to composition of family income and to the reproduction strategy of small farm agriculture in the southeast of Pará State. The choice of farmers interviewed was intentional, so that it enabled the identification of agricultural income, as well as in the characterization of the production systems developed by these small farmers. This procedure allowed the elaboration of a typology of the production systems starting from some social, economic and agronomic indicators. The results of this research proved a strong participation of invisible production in the group of the activities of the family agriculture. Products with defined markets, have a part of the production retained for family consumption, non-markets products are directed exclusively to own consumption and, an important component, refers to the sale of family labour, essential in their survival strategy. An immediate conclusion is that the agricultural and extractive production is very superior to that being estimated or unknown in the official statistics. Knowledge of the participation of invisible production becomes important for the policymakers, first due to the under estimation of official statistical data, as much for the amount as for the non-inclusion of various products, produced or collected, in family agriculture, on or off the property. This way, it can be verified that the small farmers of the Praialta and Piranheira Agroextractivist Settlement Project possess an equivalent total income to 1,48 minimum wage/ month. It is interesting to highlight that the contribution of invisible production to family income reaches 0,28 minimum wage/month that represents 18,77%, of the total estimated income. The drainage of the autonomous non-agricultural income, from government welfare pensions, represents 10,55% of the farmers' monetary income, constituting an important factor of the local communities' sustainability. It is expected that these results are important to define public policies to increase the sustainability of frontier family agriculture estimated as more than 600 thousand family units in the Amazon, responsible for the largest portion of the chronic deforestation and burning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de agricultores familiares na adaptação do sistema de cultivo de corte e trituração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-06-11) OLIVEIRA, Carlos Douglas de Sousa; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118
The difficult that small farmers have to obtain tecnologies generated from institutions of the science and tecnology is related with the difficult that researchers have to include the small farmers in their researches but that is not the main problem. The principal problem is the absent from the projects which trouble about to articulate with the cognitive system from small farmers. In this research it was searched to interprete the perception from small farmers on the system of the cultivation from the slash-andmulch proposed by SHIFT project in the northeast of Pará State. Several experiments were accomplised to compare slash-and-burn and slash-and-mulch system at beginning of the perception of the small farmers. It was focussed mainly the management of the work and control from invadeness in the cleared land prepared. The datas more relevant from research were obtained across the attendence of the prepare of the cleared land from the six small farmers. In this moment we can know the tradicional knowledge used in the slash-burn-system. So can appraise that slash and mulch does not present components which unpracticable its articulation with the tradicional knowledge.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução do sistema agrário na margem esquerda do Baixo Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-06-17) OLIVEIRA, Myriam Cyntia Cesar de; REYNAL, Vincent de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4765997606833645
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Granja Marathon: a luta pela terra e a organização do trabalho em um assentamento rural no nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-06-28) SOUSA, Romier da Paixão; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
The Agrarian Reform theme has always been present in a way or the other in some intense discussions on the academic level, since the 20’s. With the democratic openning of 1985, the fight over the possession of land became tought and through occupation the pressure was on the state to desapropriate the mencioned areas. The study of the rural settlements became more intense from the decade of 90, with the increase of labourers settled down, it was formed a real social “microcosmo”. This work looks into the organization on land work by familiar farmers on one of the rural settlements in “São Francisco do Pará” municipality, northeast of Pará. Their organization works with a process that associates man-power and/or capital when organizing production, for some local groups on their agronomy activities. The organization complex ways are based on diversified prodution sistems and guided by social, economic and symbolic relationships that are built on local groups. These relationships might establish the way of reproduction of the diferent familiar groups involved on these locations
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O plantio associado entre banana (Musa acuminata Cultivar Cavendish "Grande Naine") e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D. C.): uma avaliação agronômica dos efeitos da competição por água, nitrogênio e energia luminosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-07-01) SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; OZIER-LAFONTAINE, Harry
In tropical regions, intensive banana (Musa accuminata) monocropping has severe agronomic and environmental impacts, and the sustainability of this production is actually highly compromised. Yield reductions are principally due to the decrease of soil fertility and root systems damages by sod fungus and nematodes. Several alternatives actually aim to improve sustainable banana cropping systems. Among them, the cultivation of banana in cover-cropping systems with legumes is a promising one. The development of such systems, however, mainly depends on me knowledge and control of how the mixed component crop competes and affects the production of the principal banana crop. The goal of this study is to estimate the functioning of the banana canavalia ensiformis cover-crop system in field conditions Canavalia is an annual legume that is supposed to have nematode control properties. In this study, however, we focus only on the capacity of banana to perform in such cropping systems, under competition for environmental resources. It is a prerequisite to the development of further investigations uppon bio-control mechanisms that could be managed in integrated protection systems. An analysis of the elaboration of yield components during the vegetative phase of the growing cycle of the banana crop was performed: it is during that phase that the potential yield (number of fruits and fruit filling) is determined, and it is assumed that legume competition can affect yield elaboration. Three treatments were carried out: (i) BPO : banana pure crop, (ii) BA0 simultaneous mixed banana-canavalia, (iii) BA60: -mixed banana-canavalia with banana planted 2 months after canavalia. Growth and development parameter were registered weekly by non destructive methods (leaf area, leaf phenology, stipe height and diameter for banana, and canopy extension for canavalia). Destructive sampling were carried out twice a month to determine above ground dry matter (DM) and mineral composition of banana in the different treatments. In addition to this agronomical evaluation, we developed a banana-intercropped modal adapted from the STICS model for validation and scenario analysis. The analysis of the vegetative cycle of banana over 7 months shows that the plantation date is crucial for the success of the intercrop. There was no significant difference between BP0 and BA0 for DM before flowering (4,5 t MS ha-1 for BP0 against 4,2 t MS ha-1 for BA0). The number of weddings is also significantly reduced for 8 to 3 between BP0 and BA0, respectively. Bananas performances are, however, more affected in BP60. Here, banana DM is reduced lo 2,7 t ha-1, that can be explicated by a higher adverse effect by the canavalia that was dominant at the plantation of banana -- 74 cm height against 29 cm for banana. The performed yield analysis may be considered as an efficient approach for the evaluation of the vegetative phase of the banana, growing sole or intercropped. The analysis of the reproductive phase is actually carried out and should complete this first diagnosis. Model validation under simulated vs. observed data was satisfying. Scenario studies of pure crop situations predicted yield values of 28 ha -1 against 20 t ha -1 (1) in situation with 400 kg nitrogen ha -1 and 133 mm irrigation, (ii) in situations without fertilizers and irrigation, respectively. A simulated yield of 16 t ha-1 was obtained in the case of intercrop without inputs. Test of contrasting scenarios may be used as a decision tool for the definition of adapted intercropping patterns - optimization of plant density and synchronization of the plantation dates of the two species, for instance -, and new agronomical standards may be studied. These investigations, however, must be carried on with the purpose of mean and long term effects evaluation of these cover-cropping systems in relation with the evolution of soil bio-physic-chemical properties - organic matter status and evolution, soil fauna transformation, weeding -, and sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Organização política de camponeses em São Félix do Xingu - PA: estratégias, identidades e associações
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-09-10) KAHWAGE, Claudia Maria Carneiro; SANTOS, Antônio Maria de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3044492517399657; ROBERT, Pascale de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3751759325573833
In this work we address the issue of political organization of farmers in the municipality of São Felix do Xingu located in the southern state of Pará. Initially we emphasize in the description of the social scene and booming economic frontier in which the peasants are immersed and also try to describe historical processes of formation of the political movement of the peasants in the city that gave rise to important achievements of the category as the granting of easy credit to small farmers in the Amazon. This achievement reflected directly in coordinating the political organization of these peasants, because there was significant growth in the number of farmers' Associations in the municipality. This fact has enabled innovation in the political strategies within the movement of peasants also related to reflection and action on the part of the leaders on the situation of peasant identities representativeness and effectiveness of the category towards achievements of interests
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A vida dirige o rio: cem anos de ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no Alto Capim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-17) MEDINA, Gabriel; SHANLEY, Patrícia
In the Brazilian Amazon, the increasing rate of deforestation has prompted the international research community to look for solutions that reconcile conservation and development. Since the late 1980s, researchers throughout the world have explored the role that extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) could have to the well-being of forest dwellers as well as to the environment. This thesis explores the role that NTFPs play in the lives of rural communities in a dynamically changing timber frontier region along the Capim River in the eastern Amazonian state of Pará. As the timber industry advances throughout the Amazon basin, communities located along logging frontiers are increasingly approached to sell the rights to their timber. Such communities consider several aspects to assess the value of forest products. Besides socio-economic and ecological values (real value), there is relative value, which strongly influence the way resources are used. This relative value is based on representations regarding the importance of forest products and on the context in which these representations are formed. To explore this theme, the thesis begins with a historical reconstruction of a caboclo community focusing on forest resource use and dynamics during the last hundred years. For the households within the study communities, timber always represented a natural heritage that could be spent over time. It was the principal product with market value and, during initial timber sales, extraction did not significantly reduce access to other forest products. Therefore, timber resources represented an inheritance with exchange value and little conflicting use. Four socioeconomic factors were identified which influenced communities to sell timber despite the losses in NTFPs that they began to experience over time: 1) paternalistic relationships among buyers and caboclos; 2) difficulties in common property resource management; 3) quick cash gained from timber sales guaranteed access to market products and; 4) expanding market involvement required increased cash to meet increasing needs. To understand the value which communities grant to forest products in their decision-making it is fundamental to identify the real alternatives that NTFPs represent to households and to compare this with other land use options.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A escola da Vila da Paz: um ensaio etnográfico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-25) OLIVEIRA, Mara Rita Duarte de; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588
At the work “School rural da Vila da Paz”: the research about culture, political, economic and social that bucolic community, we Will discuss the program’s execution “School Ativa” at the rural schools from Rondon do Pará, where we’ll analyze the E.M.E.F Vasco da Gama school (located at Vila da Paz society) as the main point of this text. Along all of this study we’ll have questions about how this program improved the students’ knowledge’s and show the teachers a better way of teaching, at the same time we are discussing the population to develop this program, emphasizing the school and community relationship importance. We Will show, at first, the government programs from 1930 until 1990 based on the rustic education is inserted. For this it’s also necessary do na incursion into the educational projects of the social movements connected with the conflicts at the yield
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pensar o trabalho é pensar a vida: as dimensões da formação na pedagogia da alternância da escola família agrícola de Marabá - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-28) SILVA, Marizete Fonseca da; OLIVEIRA , Ney Cristina Monteiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4355112931326342
In the curriculum directives of the formation program based in the alternative pedagogy denominated Agricultural Family School of Marabá, the supposition is expressed and it can contribute to the development of the agriculture family, because it’s lifted methodically in a proposition that would overcome that practiced by linked to the public education system, that is to say, the pedagogic journey would happen from the developed experiences in the social – productive process of the young people and, because of that, the qualification of the family paper will happen again in the formation process. Through this work, we analyses the dimensions of the formation that it is being effective by the program is an important investment in the formation of the field, in its present level of development, the breaks are still a little evident with the practice of the educational system and the about the agriculture family can only be felt through the institutionalization of the parallel processes that make feasible the presence of the families and the new generations of the earth
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade na produção familiar no Sudeste Paraense: o caso dos produtores de leite do Município de Rio Maria
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-18) FEITOSA, Terezinha Cavalcante; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026511676619526
This study analyzes the sustainability of milk production in smallholder areas subjected to the process of fast degradation of pastures established in upland areas (terra firme) in the border of the Brazilian Amazonia. The research was carried out in the Municipality of Rio Maria, Southeast of the State of Pará, one of the Municipalities internationally recognised for its high degree of land conflicts. Fifty-five smallholders in the Settlement Projects of Itaipavas 126, Barra Mansa, Mata Azul, Fazenda São Roque and Vale da Serra, who are sustained by cattle milk production, were interviewed during the months of July and August of 2002. The choice of the properties was intentional, and it was composed by the identification of the income from the cattle raising activities (sale of milk and heifers), as well as an analysis of the techniques used by the smallholders for pasture and livestock management, aiming the sustainability of the productive unit.That analysis allowed to identify, through the socioeconomic indicators, that, although cattle ranching is considered a low risk activity, economically viable for the Amazon region, among the smallholders it becomes an unsustainable activity, because the process of pasture degradation starts within three to five years of pasture establishment, without, however, allowing the production units to save economic resources for pastures reclamation.The sustainable income of livestock milk production activity, being very low relative to the income obtained soon after the initial phase of the activity, does not stimulate the adoption of more sustainable practices. The declining tendency of pasture productivity, with small short term increases, caused by pasture burning and weed control, has been compensated by the incorporation of new areas of pasture. The exhaustion of forest stocks leads to the collapse of the activity in spite of the existing market for meat and milk, when degraded pastures are not reclaimed. Considering an annual rate of pasture depreciation of 10% and an annual interest rate of 15%, farmers would have to invest at least 40% of their net profit to guarantee the pasture sustainability at a ten-year period. It was observed that the livestock milk production activities conducted by smallholders is causing a continuous drainage of the natural resources, without the due compensation in the sale price of those products (milk and beef). It is expected that these results can contribute to define public policies, with concrete measures for the smallholders involved in milk production in the sense of guaranteeing the reclamation of degraded pastures, because these smallholders are responsible for a great part of the ecological disbalance of the ecosystem in the Southeast of Pará State. Among the resource-poor cattle farmers there is no financing need for continuous acquisition of cattle, because all the farmers already possess livestock above the holding capacity of their pastures. In that case, it would be necessary instructing the farmers aiming the proper management of the herd and pasture and the creation of financing programs, aiming the recovery of degraded pasture areas. Among the farmers studied does not exist a conservation view, but rather, an anxiety to increase the herd size and pasture areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica e desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar: o caso da Vila Amélia, Breves/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-18) HERRERA, José Antônio; CARDOSO, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8799376545270820
It is analysed, departing from a social-environmental diagnosis of Vila Amélia, in Mapuá river Breves/PA municipal district, the nets of relations established among agro-extractivistic workers and boss (merchants and undertakers/ land owners) and the consequences of this social interaction model for the actual configuration of the social-polictic-environmental scenery in this community. Departing from the pressuposed that the comprehension of these relationships is a sine-qua-nom condition in order to think about other less predatory, less authoritarian and more social responsible growth models. Here are emphasized some questions related to the conservation and sustainability of the productive ways and the unequal relations of work and land control, focalizing the mainly familiar logic of the activities as an element of capital importance in the working of the agro-extractivistic systems. Departing from the areas occupation dynamic and the characteristics of the familiar nucleus, the research points indicatives for the understanding of the ambiguous dependence relation manifested by the agro-extractivistic workers and their resistance to the discussion of the sustainable growth proposal presented by Ecomapuá enterprise. It still discusses the possibilities of the overcoming of this relation by the social-polictic organization, essential factor for the construction of every growth proposal that intends to involve, in fact, the local inhabitants as the subjects of their own historical process, with objectives, wishes, asprirations and dreams that need to be considered.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento da produção agrícola e intervenção social: estudo de caso em uma comunidade da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Mamirauá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-30) NASCIMENTO, Ana Claudeise Silva do; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; COSTA, Maria José Oliveira e Silva Jackson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4079845537461874
This work is the result of an ethnographic study in a small riverside community of the Amazon flooded area, emphasizing its particularities in relation to the use of natural resources. The subject of the analysis was a smallholder agricultural project, which was developed by implementing the results of scientific research on the participatory management of natural resources. Technicians from Mamirauá Institute and the peasants met periodically to evaluate the project’s processes and results. This study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture, enabling an interaction between processes of reflection and action. The main objective of this dissertation is to assess a situation of social intervention directed at the sustained management of agricultural produce in a protected area of flooded forest (Sustainable Development Reserve). This study has indicators which contribute to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture in a small community called São Francisco do Aiucá, enabling interaction between intention/implementation based on the understanding of the results and the evaluation of the social intervention. Using some indicators, built through the use of participatory methodologies, it was possible to analyze changes in the economic activities of São Francisco do Aiucá, and other forms of natural resources use, identifying ways to both diversify the crops and undertake new alternatives for the commercialization of the produce.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O técnico da nova ATER: uma identidade profissional em construção. O caso da mesorregião sudeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-08-29) HALMENSCHLAGER, Fábio Leandro; VEIGA JUNIOR, Iran Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9513562131313692
The technical support and rural extension (ATER) in Brazil historically has been treated as an instrument of modernization of the Brazilian agricultural way, which means, the transformation of the “old” agriculturist into a “modern” agriculturist. In the same way the technician who works in it may be seen also as an instrument, an object, and never as an actor in this process. This work has the purpose of placing the technician in the center of the question, verifying the possibilities and ways to construct its professional identity in the context of ATER, which appeared in the Southeastern region of the state of Pará since 1997. This context demands abilities for which the technician has not been formed nor socialized, as the requirement of a participative position in regard to the agriculturist and the capacity of research, and this situation can provoke conflicts between the new required profile and the form of socialization and formation of the technician. The conclusion is that the regional environment is extremely favorable to the performance of the technician in the construction and reconstruction of its professional identity, what did not occur in the previous models of ATER, however, the technicist formation ends imposing barriers to the construction of the active behavior in regard to the innovations techniques specifically.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agroextrativismo: sustentabilidade e estratégias produtivas na Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari, sul do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) BENJAMIM, Aldrin Mário da Silva; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
The creation of the Extractive Reserves, in the beginning of the decade that started in 1990, arises as an alternative of administration of forest resources in the Units of Conservation (UC). Centered as a principle of the coadministration between the State and the resident traditional populations, these Reserves defense, economic and social viability depends in a large part on the local organization of the agroextractivists. However, in spite of the enormous potential of economical exploration of forest products, as the Amazon nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and the açai (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.), of the strong agricultural tradition and of the hunting and fishing's many possibilities, multiple difficulties persist inside the Extractive Reserves Cajari River (Amapa). The conception of the Sustainable Development and the little production regarding the traditional populations in areas of such Reserves constituted the decisive factors to the beginning of this research. In this way, the study the about the Agroextractivism: sustainability and strategies in the Extractive Reserves Cajari River, south of Amapa tries to identify the evolution and the strategies of the productive base of the population who live in this UC, in the areas of high and low Cajari, in an attempt of revealing the rationality of the local agroextractivism. Therefore, it is expected to evidence the dimension of the change process resulting from the Reserve policies associated with the social movements, with implications in the environmental, social and economic fields.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um olhar de gênero sobre a reconstrução da agricultura em Abaetetuba, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-30) MOURÃO, Patrícia de Lucena; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
The revelation of the negative aspects of modernization in agriculture upon women, men and the environment, brought up the need to develop alternative ways of food production establishing new relations with local eco-systems. In this view, the Agroecology has an important contribution because it relates the technological model to the productive aspects, environmental, social and economic, including gender relationships. This study analyses production and reproduction strategies of familial agriculture, identifying potentialities and limits for the development of sustainable agro systems and to the fair gender relationship. This strategies research was made among land workers (men and women), from the region of Abaetetuba – Pará, participants of the Center – “Tecnologias Alternativas Tipiti”. With the result of this research, we found out that the familial agricultural strategies turn to the construction of the agroecologic sustainability instead of the gender equality. This is because of the poor understanding that the transformation of the technological standard has to be related to men and women performance and social position, and that themselves are able to change. We hope to help this process with this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mártires de abril: o MST semeando a utopia camponesa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-05-31) ABE, Marlene Naoyo; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
The description of the Mártires de Abril Nesting of and the analysis of the processes of construction of practical and the speech on the is organization anda management are the object of this work. In this way it is that if it defined as thematic the Study of the Forms of Organization of Nesting of the MST with the perspective to think the social processes that is had been constructing in the nestings of the Agrarian Reformation of the MST in Pará, and its complexity, from the experience of the Mártires de Abril Nesting that presents peculiarities. The form of organization of the production is an attempt of if to implant the project of organization of nesting of the MST that, in this works, thus had been called: Collective group or Production in the System of Cooperation; Half-collective or Familiar Production Integrated and Individual or Not Integrated Familiar Production. That perspective defined as objective do work: to understand the limits and the possibilities of implementation of the forms of organization of nesting of the MST, being associated collectivism and familiar management, from the experience of the Mártires de Abril Nesting; to identify to the limits and the possibilities of the forms of organization of the collective production in a perspective of construction of the nesting proposal; to identify to the social representations in the process of construction of the social, economic organization and politics of the nesting. It was possible to identify that in the Mártires de Abril Nesting it predominates the perspective form of organization of the collective production with possibility of if developing the half-collective one and the individual one; existence of differentiation in the politician-ideological level of each seated person, resulting in the distinction of the periods of traing of development of the base nuclei, what it goes to determine the form of organization of each nucleus and the reproduction strategies and that the context that the Mártires de Abril Nesting presents is of period of training in development, with expression of still evidences conflicts, face to the process of definition of a proper form of nesting organization. However, a trend exists, in average stated period, to the configuration of a definite project as a new alternative of nesting with cultural elements of the old form of production, mixed to the new one proposal based in the half-collective exploration and diversified cultures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e informação para o desenvolvimento rural nos municípios de Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-16) MATOS, Lucilda Maria Sousa de; PINHEIRO, Lena Vania Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613980184982976; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118
The research was done with the objective of identifying and analysing the needs, demands and uses of information from partner farmers of the research project, “Adaptation and participative validity of an area preparation without burning in northern Pará”, developed in the cities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, by Embrapa, in the communication process and information for action. Based on interviews and observations, it was outlined the prolife of partner farmers and opinion makers and identified their demands of information, being the most significative ones related to agriculture (cultivation, deseases, pests, financing/agricultural credit), followed by information on Education, Social Security, Law etc. The concept of information was constructed from the interviewd perceptions and were studied, still, participative actions developed by the project, means of mass communication of wider audience; besides support and information barriers. Among the social and institutional actors acting in the process, there is strong participation of relatives neighboring farmers, as a source of information for the communities and, among the several institutions, and Embrapa. Through the application of the technique of the critical incident the search of more recent information was analyzed, when agriculturist partners had needed information to develop their activities, if they had gotten it or not, and what this caused in their activities in familiar agriculture and their lives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empates nos babaçuais: do espaço doméstico ao espaço público - lutas de quebradeiras de coco babaçu no Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-28) FIGUEIREDO, Luciene Dias; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; ANDRADE, Maristela de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8924456262459198
The main axis of this analysis focuses on the construction of gender relations, whidr have conditioned aspectos of ASSEMA, a grassroot social movement. Analyzing the history of this movement in its sucessive, phases, this study aims to understand the conditions in private and public spheres. This dissertation exams the context and situations leading the socalled babassu-nut breaker women, quebradeiras de coco babaçu, to demand gender equality both at domestic and public domains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tipologia do sistema de manejo de açaizais nativos praticado pelos ribeirinhos em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-04-18) AZEVEDO, James Ribeiro de; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872
The Aςaizeiro (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) is one of the main sources of income and consumption for people (local farmer families known as ribeirinhos) living in the municipal district of Belém, State of Pará. They manage the fruit of the aςaizal (aςaí palm trees) and, among the other products, the palm heart, commonly known as palmito. The objective of this study was to identify and classify the different agricultural practices used in the management of native aςaizais. The analysis include a study of the different types of management used by the ribeirinhos with the objective of contributing to the implementation of proposals of management of native aςaizais. The research was undertaken in two main islands in Belém, known as Ilha de Paquetá (Paqueta island) and Ilha Grande (Big Island). The study approach was based on the methodology of the diagnostics of agrarian systems, which involve interviews with both open and closed questions. Twenty-two families from Ilha Grande and thirty-one families from Ilha de Paquetá were interviewed, and the questions involved issues concerning the family, the living environment, patrimony, the agrarian situation, income, techniques used in the management of açaizal and commercialization. Research findings showed that the system of management of native açaizais has gone through three phases. In the first phase, the collection of the açaí fruit is basically for consumption. In the second phase, the palm heart started to be commercialized and the açaí fruit continues to be used for consumption. In the third phase, the actual system of management is oriented to the production of the açaí fruit for commercial and consumption purposes, with the palm heart contributing additional income. Findings from the survey showed that the three main techniques used in the management of açai crop are intensive, moderate and natural cropping (without handling). The intensive 6 handling requires intensive labor in the açaizais and the ribeirinhos income comes basically from the açaí fruit. This type of technique has shown to yield the best overall results. The moderate handling requires less labor in the açaizal and ribeirinhos complement their income from other sources. The natural cropping (without handling) just involves the harvest of the açaí fruit and the ribeirinhos income comes from activities away from the farm.