Panorama de atuação do Ministério Público Federal em recursos hídricos no Estado do Pará - ocorrências com atividades periciais no período de 2005 a 2018

Abstract

This research presents an overview of the environmental performance of Ministério Público Federal (MPF), emphasizing the hydric resources in the state of Pará within 14 years (2005 to 2018). It refers to records (extrajudicial procedures and/or judicial procedures) in which the institutional experts corps developed expert activities. Through quantification, spatialization and grouping of occurrences in pre-established categories distributed in the hydrographic regions of the state of Pará, data collection and organization were performed by surveying the cases in which water resources appeared as the main or related theme, according to data provided by MPF-PA. The data processing was performed with the aid of Excel spreadsheet, QGis software and shp files, where products such as maps and tables related to environmental occurrences with emphasis on water resources were elaborated. The results indicated a total of 104 environmental occurrences that required expert MPF activities. The hydrographic region that presented the highest demand was the Costa Atlântica-Nordeste, followed by Xingu, Portel-Marajó, Tocantins-Araguaia, Baixo Amazonas, Calha Norte and Tapajós. The highest concentrations of occurrences with expert activities were associated with the presence of the capital of the state of Pará (Belém), population density, concentration of municipalities, the Barcarena Industrial District and the Belo Monte hydroelectric project. The category with the highest number of records was saneamento, followed by Empreendimentos e Obras em Área de Preservação Permanente - APP/Terras públicas, Flora/Desmatamento/Degradação and Poluição. The MPF unit that met the most demands was Belém, followed by Altamira, Marabá, Santarém, Itaituba, Paragominas, Tucuruí and Redenção. The study showed how MPF acts on environmental issues in water resources, and how this occurred, specifically, from 2005 to 2018 in the state of Pará.