O protagonismo da prevenção de quedas por idosos na perspectiva de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Falling in the elderly represents a public health problem, since it manifests itself in high prevalence, presents multi­causality and is one of the geriatric syndromes. It is important to emphasize the importance of nursing to develop safe practices directed to the factors that influence the health behaviors of the elderly. OBJECTIVES: To apply the Pender Health Promotion Model in the Nursing process to the elderly with risk factors for falls; Evaluate health behavior safety promoters against falls; Explore self­efficacious practices of safe behaviors in the face of the event falls. METHODOLOGY: The study was characterized by a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, such as Research Convergent Care. This study was carried out with 7 elderly residents of the Guamá ­ Belém / PA district who are users of public services. The data were obtained through the application of the nursing process, having for analysis, the sources: (a) Nursing History; (b) The application of the Photovoice technique; (c) International Classification for Nursing Practice ­ CIPE; d) Planning, debates and synthesis of each of the four focal group meetings. RESULTS: Health behaviors according to MPS are summarized in three categories and their subcategories: 1 Characteristics, Individual experience: Risk behavior for falls, Consequence of falls and Learning with falls; 2 Specific Behavior: Influential self­perception for falls, Interpersonal influences that affect the behavior of others, Wishes for changes that will contribute to the prevention of falls; 3 Behavioral Result: Self­efficacious fall prevention and positive action / suggestion assessment. The self efficacious practices exercised during the application of the nursing process resulted in initial changes in behavior regarding life habits such as: paying more attention to where to walk, wandering slowly and looking at the floor, do not be ashamed to ask for help. CONCLUSION: The demonstration of the health behavior of the elderly has influence coming from the experiences of fall. Although being users of public services, no influences from educational programs were perceived. Regarding the observed behavioral changes of self­efficacious practices, some positive life habits were observed, however, socioeconomic and family barriers make it difficult to prevent falls in the elderly, especially in the context studied.