Uma análise do método de conjecturas e refutações Popperiano e de sua Aplicação ao ensino da Filosofia na educação básica

Abstract

The objective of this work is to examine whether the method of conjectures and refutations that Popper proposes for science can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education, more specifically at the elementary and secondary levels. This is a problem related to education and in particular to the way of teaching Philosophy. However, this question is not disconnected from his theory of science. Our intention is to show that such a method, with some adaptations, can be an effective procedure to provoke philosophical reflection, insofar as it enables not only the problematization, but also the critical discussion of the solutions proposed by the philosophers. In our analysis, we seek to show that Popper criticizes and rejects induction as a method of science and proposes as an alternative, that of conjecture and refutation. We elucidate the nature of such a procedure and its stages. Subsequently, we seek to highlight some reflections of the philosopher on pedagogy in order to support our reflections on the theme. We also present some proposals for the application of Popper's ideas to education, such as those of Bedoya and Duque (2019), who believe that the use of the method of conjecture and refutation in education enables the formation of students who are aware that science is not infallible and evidence how such a procedure can improve learning in general. Another proposal, the object of our analysis, was that of Oliveira (2008), who seeks to show how Popperian epistemology can foster a fallibilist approach in the teaching of the sciences. We also examine the suggestions of Segre (2009) to use Popperian critical rationalism in academic didactics as an alternative to the dogmatic and authoritarian teaching practiced in university education. And finally, we show how the method proposed by Popper can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education.