Dissertações em Filosofia (Mestrado) - PPGFIL/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/5863

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2011, foi reconhecido pela CAPES nos termos da Portaria nº 84, de 22/12/2014 pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia (PPGFIL) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Ciência, conhecimento e naturalismo na filosofia de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-08) JESUS, Francisco de Paula Santana de; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-450X
This dissertation aims to investigate, discuss and interpret the issue of knowledge in Nietzsche’s philosophy. To do so, we assume that the philosopher thematizes knowledge and science from a naturalist perspective, by highlighting their meta-epistemological elements (such as biological influences, or surreptitious commitments to moral values). In this sense, resorting to the natural sciences serves the philosopher as a subsidy for a non-metaphysical investigation of human modes of cognition. It is important, then, to emphasize the parallels between the Nietzschean interpretation and the studies of authors with whom Nietzsche came into contact, such as Mach, Boscovich and Ribot. This demands the study of sources as a methodological resource to determine the meaning of the notion of knowledge in Nietzsche’s philosophy. Thus, our research seeks to 1) outline a history of the notion of knowledge from The Birth of Tragedy; to, then, 2) to present the naturalists perspectives of the knowledge; and, finally, 3) interpret how the main scientific-philosophical models (the Socratic and the sophistic) were formed based on Nietzschean philosophical psychology. Finally, we offer a discourse on the notion of space implied in the Nietzschean hypothesis of the will to power.
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O sentido do belo para conversão em Plotino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-29) RIBEIRO, Bruno José Bezerra; ALENCAR, Cesar Augusto Mathias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8781508238600725; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-0584
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O conceito de ontologia no livro IV da metafísica de Aristóteles
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-04) SOARES, Élida Teixeira; CORÔA, Pedro Paulo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3785172545288511
Ontology is a domain that spans the entire history of known philosophy, from the Greeks to important contemporary thinkers such as Martin Heidegger and his ontology of Dasein. But, just as each philosophical system seems to be different from each other, when we try to conceptualize ontology, a certain confusion arises, after all, as we see in Heidegger, he understands that in the history of philosophy, the forgetting of being, that is, of itself, occurred. object of ontology, in the form in which it was conceived. And one of the targets of Heidegger's criticism of the forgetfulness of being is Aristotle, just as Kant also seeks to make corrections to the categorical system with which things are determined. For this reason, we are proposing to study the concept of ontology in Aristotle, focusing our analysis on what he says about this episteme in Book IV of his work Metaphysics. Our objective, with this proposal, is to know whether it is possible to find in Aristotle a precise definition of ontology that guides us in the study of this part of philosophy.
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A questão racial na constituição do self: análise crítica a partir de Seyla Benhabib e Sueli Carneiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-11) MACHADO, Juliana Pantoja; FRATESCHI, Yara Adario; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1917359676356798; VERBICARO, Loiane Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-9906
The present work seeks to analyze the conception of self that is based on Seyla Benhabib's theory of interactive universalism, demonstrating that although it constructs new categories to interpret the theory of universalism in a more complete and complex way, it does so with an emphasis on the issue of gender, without , however, point out another device that is equally important and constitutive of the self, the device of raciality, discussed by Sueli Carneiro (2023). The reflective power of these two philosophers is crossed in order to think about a practical political philosophy that can encompass the structural issues of Brazilian society. It is for this reason that the question posed by Benhabib is reformulated in this study when he seeks to reconstitute the legacy of modern universalism, questioning “what is alive and what is dead in the moral and political universalist theories of the present after the criticisms leveled at them by communitarians, feminists and postmoderns?” (Benhabib, 2021, p. 30) for “what is alive and what is dead in the theory of interactive universalism after a critical analysis of racism?”. By demonstrating this limitation, we present how the philosophy thought by Sueli Carneiro demarcates that the formation of the identity of black people in violently racist societies, such as Brazil, goes through an overly complex combination of gender, race and class markers, which has highlighted a deficit both theoretical, as well as political practice, making it impossible to integrate the different expressions that constitute the self of black women in multiracial and pluricultural societies. Taking advantage of the model of reflection on the modern philosophical tradition, implemented by Seyla Benhabib, in which she approaches the positive points of this thought and moves away from those that she considers insufficient for the improvement of the critique of universalism, placing herself in favor and, at the same time, time, against the philosophical canon, is that we point out the problem of racial deficit in its analysis, because Benhabibi's ethics, which is based on contextsensitive universalism, which is a precursor to the continuum between the generalized other and the concrete other, needs to be interconnected with racial criticism to remedy the gap described. Thus, the question that the work raises is that the self needs to be constituted through the racial grid as much as it needs to be based on the gender grid, as this is a way of correctly embodying subjects, taking into account their contexts, your identity and more than that, opening the doors to your ability for ontic and ontological self-determination. The process of destitution of the being of black people, through epistemicide and the consequent exclusion from the educational field cannot be left out of this reflection, since they are formative for the conditions of possibility that build white supremacy, constituent of the white hegemonic Self, historically central in classical philosophical conceptual architecture, which is why the defense of quotas for admission to universities is also brought to the debate.
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Vulnerabilidade, luto e interdependência: reflexões críticas ao individualismo neoliberal a partir de Judith Butler
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-23) LOBATO, Lílian Gabriela Rodrigues; AGGIO, Juliana Ortegosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5290499042057589; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-4797; VERBICARO, Loiane Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-9906
The present dissertation proposes to investigate the critique of the neoliberal morality of self-responsibilization formulated by the American philosopher Judith Butler based on the concept of primordial vulnerability — a dimension of our existence transpassed by ambivalences with strong exploratory potential, which nevertheless substantiate the conditions of possibility for our physical, psychic and social survival. To achieve this objective, our footsteps are articulated around two main discussions, namely: 1) the relationship between the neoliberal ideal of self-sufficiency with the political inducement of precariousness and unequal distribution of public mourning and 2) the ethical-political potential of public mourning to protect the links of interdependence, weakened by the neoliberal morality. At the first moment, we exhibit how neoliberalism is a rationality that shapes the State, society, and our own subjectivity per the market imperative, emptying the state of social welfare and the feeling of collective solidarity, deepening even the vulnerability of historically subaltern subjects through precarization policies that attribute a differentiated valuation to life resulting in a selective commotion in the face of death. At this point, we elucidate how mourning operates as a descriptor of the intelligibility of life, subverting the commonly held understanding that the value of life perdures since birth. At the second moment, we exhibit how the experience of loss awakens us to the opacity and dispossession, inherent to our constitutive relationality, disrupting the fantasy of the autonomous subject that holds full control over himself. In the face of the recrudescence of neoliberal agendas experienced in Western democracies, we aim to reflect on the limits and possibilities of Butler's proposition for an ethics of vulnerability intended to protect the links of interdependence. Hopefully, this research can collaborate with the construction of narratives that broaden our imaginative capacity in contrast to neoliberal nihilism.
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A formação do raciocínio prático a partir da apreensão dos fins e da deliberação dos meios na ética nicomaqueia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-05) POMPEU, Ian Silveira; PITTELOUD, Luca Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887702139830510; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-5742
This dissertation investigates the formation of practical reasoning in Aristotelian psychology, using the Nicomachean Ethics as its main basis. References to other works are also considered, as they serve as a necessary condition for developing an answer to that central problem. Chapter I presents the conditions necessary for a science about the human soul. This requires understanding the Aristotelian definition of science (1.1), the foundation on which all theoretical sciences are based (1.2), and the specific foundations of psychology (1.3). This exposition employs the explanation of the Principle of Contradiction found in Book IV of the Metaphysics, explores the polysemic notion of ousia, and examines how its principles, form and matter, relate to the study of the human soul. Chapter II delves into the study of the human soul as form, using the methodology presented in De Anima, investigating soul operations, and exploring the connection with virtues as set out in the Nicomachean Ethics. In Chapter III, it is discussed the practical syllogism as a combination of knowledge about ends and deliberation about means, through (3.1) the situation of the problem in the academic sphere with the contribution of Elizabeth Anscombe; (3.2) the critical evaluation of Jessica Moss's response to the problem of the mode of apprehension and the nature of the first practical principles and the defense of the noetic-experiential apprehension according to its scope; and (3.3) the comparison of readings regarding the object of phronesis and the presentation of the specification of the general ends as a proposed interpretation.
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Sapientia Et Beatitudo: o humano como imago Dei em Santo Agostinho
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-13) SANTOS, Renan Santos dos; FERREIRA FILHO, Pedro Calixto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104971775700240; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-1910
The theme of happiness had already been treated by ancient philosophers. But in the new Christian world that theme emerged with difference and peculiarities. We must pay attention to the peculiarities that in the Middle Ages, in latin language, will be designated by two words for happiness, that is: one of this expression was the word felicitas, what indicate prosperity and fecundity. And the other term was the word beatitudo, that implied the possession of the absolute true, representing a a of kind the ―eternal‖, or ―ultimate‖, or ―final‖ happiness. What assume the idea of ―perfection‖ – the church appropriated the word of greek origin makaría, eudaimonia and materialized in beatitudo (happiness), giving it a meaning beyond the religious that was proper to it, a meaning that was beyond Christian think. But by thinking of the ultimate end of happiness as communion (intimate union) with a God, that new thought of as a gift and, consequently, now conceived as the fullness of goodness. We will defend that, according to Augustine, happiness implies a communion with what one desires as good for oneself and for others. So the individual moves away from misery, because, how could he be happy who lives in the face of what is temporally is unrealizable. For the other and for himself, by himself, the wise man is that one who recognizes his natural weakness, of his weakness. However, the disturbance of the original order leads us to live in the face of the unrealizable, since its will is directed only at things that are impossible and incompatible with its nature. This is the position that defende the young Augustine. Therefore, in this work we will seek to present this whole journey of the human towards happiness, the role that wisdom plays in the configuration of man as an image of God in the trajectory of Augustinian thought
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A religião nos limites da crítica kantiana da razão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-18) SANTOS, Fladerny Marques dos; MEIRELLES, Agostinho de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826494085324141
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the theme of radical evil (radikales Böse). This theme, as we will see, has implications for Kant's practical philosophy, especially after the philosopher completed the formulation of the Critical Project, which involves the three Critiques. Such implications precede the examination of the theme conducted in the work The religion within the limits of simple reason (1793). In this sense, the aforementioned link is directly exposed in this work, but it is not exhausted therein. Therefore, in our examination, initially, we are interested in discussing the main elements of Kant's argumentation, which are like necessary conditions and broaden the horizon in which the religious theme combined with the conception of evil receives the deserved prominence in the panorama of transcendental philosophy. The notion of radical evil cannot be summarized as a religious or anthropological thesis, so our research will argue that Kant's work on Religion is in line with his earlier works on morality.
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Estoicismo imperial e estética da existência em a Hermenêutica do sujeito, de Michel Foucault
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-21) SAMPAIO, Ronald Valentim Gomes; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-1910
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Uma análise do método de conjecturas e refutações Popperiano e de sua Aplicação ao ensino da Filosofia na educação básica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023) SIQUEIRA, Ailton dos Santos; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
The objective of this work is to examine whether the method of conjectures and refutations that Popper proposes for science can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education, more specifically at the elementary and secondary levels. This is a problem related to education and in particular to the way of teaching Philosophy. However, this question is not disconnected from his theory of science. Our intention is to show that such a method, with some adaptations, can be an effective procedure to provoke philosophical reflection, insofar as it enables not only the problematization, but also the critical discussion of the solutions proposed by the philosophers. In our analysis, we seek to show that Popper criticizes and rejects induction as a method of science and proposes as an alternative, that of conjecture and refutation. We elucidate the nature of such a procedure and its stages. Subsequently, we seek to highlight some reflections of the philosopher on pedagogy in order to support our reflections on the theme. We also present some proposals for the application of Popper's ideas to education, such as those of Bedoya and Duque (2019), who believe that the use of the method of conjecture and refutation in education enables the formation of students who are aware that science is not infallible and evidence how such a procedure can improve learning in general. Another proposal, the object of our analysis, was that of Oliveira (2008), who seeks to show how Popperian epistemology can foster a fallibilist approach in the teaching of the sciences. We also examine the suggestions of Segre (2009) to use Popperian critical rationalism in academic didactics as an alternative to the dogmatic and authoritarian teaching practiced in university education. And finally, we show how the method proposed by Popper can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education.
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A suspensão da empiria estudos sobre a Psicologia da propaganda fascista nos anos 1940: Filosofia, Psicanálise e pesquisa empírica em Theodor Adorno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-14) LIMA, Victor Hugo Amaro Moraes de; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-1910
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O FR. 16 de Safo e o Banquete de Platão: a relação entre Eros e beleza
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-19) LACERDA, Marjore Mariana Lima; SOUZA, Jovelina Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0475424515288539; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-1068
We will try to show throughout this dissertation that the conception of Eros and beauty (to kalon), as well as the relationship between these two elements, are present in the oldest Greek poetic materials, such as the fragments of Sappho of Lesbos, an archaic melic poet. Thus, when we analyze his Fr. 16, we will point out how erotic conception is in line with the traditional vision in order, finally, to emphasize that the dialogue Platonic Banquet, by bringing to the dance the connection of eros with beauty, rescues themes portrayed in tradition, returning them, however, to philosophy.
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Friedrich Nietzsche e John Coltrane: a manifestação das pulsões Apolíneo e Dionisíaco na improvisação musical do Jazz
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-10) CONCEIÇÃO, Robenare Marques dos Santos; PONTES, Ivan Risafi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8592244270861493
This research aims to show, through the analysis discussed in The Birth of Tragedy, that musical improvisation practiced in jazz instrumental music is likely to be thought of as the result of the pairing of Apollonian and Dionysian impulses, pointing to a zone of convergence between Nietzsche and Jazz. Friedrich Nietzsche is the main author to be researched from his work The Birth of Tragedy. It inaugurates a vast legacy that will last in the following decades of the 19th century, marking the beginning of an unprecedented philosophizing and the starting point of his philosophy. Therefore, the study and research to be presented in this dissertation were the results of reflections around the first published work of the German philosopher. However, in addition to The Birth of Tragedy, other works by Nietzsche were included in the bibliographic reference of this work, among them: The Preparatory Writings: The Greek Musical Drama, Socrates and Tragedy and The Dionysian Vision of the World; Richard Wagner in Bayreuth; Ecce Homo; The Gaia Science; Human, All Too Human; Twilight of the Idols; The case of Wagner and Nietzsche against Wagner, in addition to the notes and letters in which Nietzsche deals with music, will also be consulted on dissertation works by researchers who have dedicated themselves to the philosophical study of the relationship between Nietzsche's philosophy and the song. Therefore, we intend to present an analysis of one of the most important jazz works in jazz historiography - A Love Supreme, recorded in 1964 by John Coltrane, with the purpose of being involved in this research to describe the relationship between the generative impulses of art, for, from the relationship described, it is possible to observe a convergence between Nietzsche's thinking about art and the artist of ancient Greek tragedy with John Coltrane and his musical creative process. Thus, in addition to Friedrich Nietzsche, as an interlocutor in the study and philosophical reflection on music, it is important to show a historical overview of saxophonist John Coltrane, known worldwide in the 60s of the 20th century and of great influence on the generation of jazz musicians that came later and for its influence on the structuring of musical improvisation. The methodology to be used in this research is an exploratory approach, as it seeks to approach the identified phenomenon: the relationship between the philosophical thought approached by Friedrich Nietzsche in the book The Birth of Tragedy and Musical Improvisation applied to jazz instrumental music, leading to know more about it and, in this way, contribute to the development of concepts and ideas in the field of philosophy, aesthetics and music.
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Arthur Schopenhauer e o medo da morte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-01) LOBATO, Milene Dayana Paes; DEBONA, Vilmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5992703653122811; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-3358; PONTES, Ivan Risafi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8592244270861493
All that is known in the phenomenal world are forms of objectification of the Will. The Will is treated by Schopenhauer as blind, arbitrary, tyrannical, and brutal, being responsible for all the suffering of life. Among the various existential fears and consternations, death is the greatest among them, the idea of finitude is what terrifies the human being the most. Knowing this, Arthur Schopenhauer developed a philosophical thought about death that provides a possible answer to the aforementioned common affliction of humanity. Death and life would be partitions of the same cycle in which there are two extremes of non-being: before life and after death. If life and death form a unity, what makes the individual fear death, but not fear life (in the same intensity)? Schopenhauerian thought shows that life should be equally feared since it can be even worse. Death for the subject is only a cessation of consciousness, which is solely the result of organic life and not the cause of it. The lack of awareness of death and the mere awareness of the present (nunc stans) results in the anguish and frustration of not being able to reach eternity. Therefore, the present work problematizes the “philosophy of death” in Schopenhauer and the relationship with the indestructibility of our being-in-itself. It seeks to indicate possibilities for alleviating the fear of death through two ways: that of self-knowledge as Will (metaphysical/knowledge) and that of the search for a more bearable and less unhappy life as possible (eudemonological). Thus, perceiving himself as a constituent of a being-in- itself that is impossible to be annihilated with death, or accepting the impossibility of a life without pain, Schopenhauer shows direct ways for the possibility of overcoming and alleviating the fear of dying – and various other existential fears.
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A recepção de Franz Kafka no pensamento político de Hannah Arendt
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-08) PICANÇO NETO, Ival de Andrade; PONTES, Ivan Risafi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8592244270861493
This research seeks to analyze the reception of the works of the Jewish writer Franz Kafka in Hannah Arendt's political thought since Arendt mentions Kafka and his writings at different times throughout her works, for instance: in Between past and future (1961 - 1968), in The Life of the mind (1977), and essays such as Franz Kafka: a Revaluation (1944), The Jew as pariah (1944), and the essay on Walter Benjamin (1968). We will start from the assumption that in the various moments in which Kafka appears in Arendt's works, it is to, somehow, elucidate the contemporary context of perplexity resulting from the rupture in tradition, therefore we intend to answer the following question: what is the depth of this reception of Kafka in Arendt's political thought, what is the meaning of his presence and the context in which he appears in the Arendt’s works? Since she sees in the writer a representative of the typification of the pariah, the exemplary pariah, as the man of goodwill, who, through his figure and his writings, thinks about the different faces and layers of contemporary fragmentation.
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Ética do diálogo e o princípio político do comum
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-16) BRITO, Suellen Lima de; SANTIAGO, Maria Betânia do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2640094533229805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-1806; VERBICARO, Loiane Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-9906
This study aims to analyze the dialogical ethics proposed by the Jewish philosopher Martin Buber (1923) and the political principle of the common, formulated by the authors Pierre Dardot and Christian Laval (2017) as an alternative to understanding the problem of relationships in contemporary neoliberal society. Buber, in his main work entitled I and Thou (1923), presents the two words-principles that underlie our existence and are inherent to the human condition, namely: the I-Thou and the I-It. The first presents itself as a dialogic relationship, an encounter between two beings mutually in an ontological character, and the second as a monogical relationship, based on experiences, use, and the use of individuals as mere objects, with an objectifying character. In this way, if the world of It predominates and guides the ways in which men relate to each other, this would lead them to perdition, as such men would be lost within themselves, that is, drastically disconnecting them from interhuman relationships in the circle of dialogic coexistence, causing a profound loss of the feeling of community, solidarity, with commodified and impersonal relationships. Considering this scenario, the political principle of the common appears as an alternative to the neoliberal system of control, as it is a political principle whose rationality is collective, anti-capitalist, and a common social sphere belonging to all, where there is no mischaracterization of the humanity of men. In this sense, the political principle of the common joins the Buberian in facing the challenges that are configured with the neoliberal system. From this diagnosis, our objective is to elucidate the need to rescue the dialogicity of relationships in contemporary times, seeking possible paths for a healthy and humanized society, proposing as an alternative the inspiration on the ethics of dialogue formulated by Martin Buber together with the political principle of the common, formulated by the authors Pierre Dardot and Christian Laval, as a new worldwide anti-capitalist rationality where the social imaginary is a reality of collective practices, opposing, therefore, the neoliberal rationality that maintains its system at the expense of a decharacterized experience in the name of the success of the capital, where it explores, instigates and legitimizes a feeling of competition to the detriment of solidarity and companionship, deepening the contemporary individualism. This study involves relating authors belonging to different philosophical traditions through exploratory, philosophical, and bibliographic analyzes to demonstrate that, unlike neoliberalism, the dialogical ethics and the political principle of the common aspire to a healthy and dialogic experience.
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Protágoras e a Paidéia como possibilidade de conhecimento para além da Techné
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-12) SILVA, Renan Ferreira da; PITTELOUD, Luca Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887702139830510; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-5742
It is intended, in general, with the present research to address the ancient Greek Idea from the sophist Protagoras. According to the Athenian context, which is undergoing a vast cultural transformation in the 5th century BC, it is intended to make understood the profound importance of the Society as an educator, in the sense of someone who absorbs the need of the Greek Power to change and restructure, after its traditional standard of education, that is to say, the old idea, no longer find itself as unique in ancient Athens. In a first moment, therefore, we seek to understand that there exists under this point of view an ancient and a contemporary Idea in the classical period. In a specific way, we will try to understand that Protagoras is situated from then on with its new proposals to educate a city full of emergencies, and the present work believes that there is a possibility of a proposal of the sophist in its teaching program, that is, his Idea, which goes beyond the limits of the old or old standard of education, finally arriving at the conclusion that Protagoras was an educator who made possible the knowledge beyond the old techné.
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Ciência e ética em Karl Popper
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-24) DIAS, Leandro José dos Passos; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
The more traditional studies about Popper’s philosophy have focused on aspects of his theory of science or his political philosophy or, even, on establishing links between them. More recently, new studies have emerged pinpointing a new hermeneutics that aims to show that ethics is at the root of his philosophy. Our work, assuming that there is an ethics at the base of his thought, intends to analyze it from a more specific perspective: that of science itself. Thereby, we will investigate the following question: can we say that Popper's conception of science involves an ethical dimension? Or rather, is there a relationship between science and ethics in the philosopher’s thought? We will consider that his notion of science presupposes an ethics, which is manifested in his pretensions to demarcate science, in the principles that guide it and in the responsibilities he assigns to scientists. Our analysis of the issue intends to start from Popper’s own rationalism, which he considers as the result of an ethical decision. In this sense, we seek to analyze its character, distinguish it from other forms of rationalism, oppose it to irrationalism and uncover its ethical foundations assisted by the studies of Kiesewetter, Artigas and Oliveira. In addition, to stablish its relations with ethics. Once these characteristic aspects of Popper’s rationalism have been clarified, we will try to show how ethics is present in his conception of science. We’ll show that Popper, when proposing his criterion of scientificity and complementing it with certain methodological rules, makes it clear that the adoption of such rules involves scientists’ decisions based on values and also generates certain ethical commitments. Furthermore, we intend to demonstrate that ethics is present in the ethical principles that guide science, such as fallibility, reasonable discussion, search for truth, honesty and that such principles are closely related to the idea of selfcriticism and tolerance. Finally, we will address the ethical responsibilities of scientists, emphasizing applied sciences. We will show that Popper proposes a new ethics for Science based on the Hippocratic oath.
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Da epistemologia moderna à epistemologia complexa de Edgar Morin: repercussões sobre o humanismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-03) MONTEIRO NETO, Benedito da Conceição; NUNES, Antônio Sérgio da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2937593233363602; SOUZA, Luís Eduardo Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7892900979434696
Our objective, in the present work, is dedicated to demonstrating the main epistemological elements of the complexity elaborated by Edgar Morin in general contrast with the principles of the modern method of Descartes. We start from the following guiding questions: how does the passage from modern ordered knowledge to complex organized knowledge occur and how does this knowledge culminate in a conception of humanism? The hypothesis we defend is that Morin's principles of complexity are exposed as a critical dialogue about the limitations of the modern method, pointing out how the last one has an ambivalent impact on science and society under the name of degenerate humanism and a regenerated humanism. Methodologically, we discuss, firstly, the conception of science and method in modernity, starting with the arguments that precede and formulate the organization of a quantitative method of knowledge, having as a central axis the contributions of Descartes in his main works (1952). The second part of the text turns to the conception of science and method according to the contributions of the epistemology of complexity, proposed by Edgar Morin (1996, 2011, 2015, 2016), where we present the main intelligibilities of his theory: the dialogic principle, the recursive principle, the hologrammatic principle. In the third and last part of the text, we compare complex thinking and modernity based on the concept of humanism. Initially, we expose the reading of modernity by complexity, highlighting the category of rationalization. Then, we explain how the modern method has repercussions in contemporary times with the advent of the action ecology. Finally, we present a reconstruction of an alternative method and knowledge, capable of dealing with uncertainties, culminating in the proposal of a regeneration of humanism.
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O conceito de trágico na dialética do esclarecimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-18) DUARTE, Diarlene da Silva; PONTES, Ivan Risafi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8592244270861493
The search undertaken aims to analyze the concept of the tragic according to the perspective of the authors Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. The study has as reference the work Dialectics of Enlightenment, whose theory is absolutely relevant to the interpretation of the history of reason, as well as the context and the human condition in current society. Therefore, the analysis intends to understand the perspectives of Adorno and Horkheimer when they analyze the absence of tragic, assuming that the process of clarification was the main reason that led to the loss of tragicity in the contemporary period. For this, it is necessary to understand the relationship between myth and tragedy in the classical period as an embryonic moment of Greek tragedies and the basis of tragic thought. After that, it intends to analyze the clarification process more specifically from the dialectical clash between the Enlightenment thought of Immanuel Kant and the critical theory of Adorno and Horkheimer, making it possible, subsequently, to understand the relationship between clarification and myth. about the operators of the Culture Industry and their conclusions for the spectator. In this way, the clarification shows that its will not only be the main cause of the cancellation of the tragic in the contemporary world, however, especially, it also highlights the cancellation of the person himself.