Objetivos do milênio (ODM) no Estado do Pará: houve avanços, retrocessos e estagnações?

Abstract

The main and fundamental starting point for getting carried away by the reflections of this doctoral thesis is to want to understand the origin of environmental discussions and how the multidisciplinary tools left by them, reflected in the various social, economic and environmental spheres. And beyond, learn from the lessons left fifteen years after the launch of a global agenda, the Millennium Goals, for a local reality. The research problem is ruled in the State of Pará, which the model of economic development historically dominant in the state has not managed to lift a significant part of the population out of poverty. Therefore, Pará's challenges go far beyond forest conservation. The general objective is to carry out an interdisciplinary analysis of the State of Pará, for the period from 1990 to 2015, based on the Millennium Goals (MDGs) and to understand the influences and forces acting in the State to reach or not the sustainability goals proposals. To assess the MDGs in Pará, 7 objectives with 17 indicators were analyzed. The results presented here show that poverty and serious health problems such as malaria and tuberculosis persist in the region. Women have little participation in politics and are disadvantaged in the labor market. Maternal deaths remain high and the population's access to basic sanitation is insufficient. On the other hand, access to education has increased, women have equal education and child mortality has fallen, the number of protected areas in the region has increased significantly, deforestation has been falling over the years, but remains high. On the understanding of the factors and acting forces that influenced the achievement of the MDGs for the state, the results corroborate the cited literature. It is recognized that the problems, in one way or another, are transversal, include technical, social, economic and political components and none of them is separable from the others. Despite important advances in most of the objectives, it is necessary to understand that the historical moment in socio-environmental issues and the ways in which sustainability measurement tools are understood and applied directly influence the state scenario. It is concluded that the global agenda presented in this paper introduces the need for a correlation between planning, management and governance mechanisms. However, the effort made by the social segments involved was successful, despite all the limitations.