Mineração em pequena escala (MPE) e o planejamento urbano: um olhar sobre a Região Metropolitana de Belém (PA)

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the integration of Small-Scale Mining into an active and sustainable system of exploration of mineral resources for Territorial Planning, especially the political and socio-environmental dynamics in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. The direction of the research was based on the method qualitative, exploring concepts and pointing out the complex reality of the object of study, and the quantitative method based on the collection of data structured in graphs and maps, which contributed to presenting considerations about the current scenario of appropriation of urban territory, resources and of their forms of spatial materialization. The secondary data, collected for the research regarding mineral substances (sand, clay, crushed stone and gravel), comes from the National Mining Agency and dates back to the last 20 years (2002 to 2022). The research developed a theoretical framework on Territorial Planning on a sustainable basis for Small-Scale Mining activities on the international, national, regional and Belém Metropolitan Region scales, also taking as a reference the National Plan of Mineral Aggregates for Construction Civil and intervention action by public authorities. Territorial Planning and sustainable planning are considered important tools in the productive activities of Small-Scale Mining and in public authorities' management plans for urban space, considering that they must involve, among their actions, a technical process that seeks to create conditions to meet to the objectives of development that considers social and environmental functions and guarantees well-being for society, and the urgency of a metropolitan master plan that develops in a sustainable and integrated manner between the activities of Small-Scale Mining and the areas impacted. As a result, it was observed that there is no political planning directed towards mineral activity, only towards the transport network and basic sanitation, as well as, there is no integrated urban planning between Small Scale Mining activities and the urban expansion of Metropolitan Region of Belém. The situational diagnosis carried out by this research presents a cartographic production, which culminated in an important analysis of the mineral sector, spatializing the areas of mineral exploration, the main substances explored, the location and quantity of production and the number of companies at state and regional scales.