A cidade e as águas: os impactos da expansão urbana na bacia do rio Tabocal, Melgaço, Pará

Abstract

Urban expansion along water courses has generated socio-environmental impacts related to forms of occupation and use of natural resources. The study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental impacts on the affected population in the municipality of Melgaço, in the state of Pará, to support the Participatory Municipal Master Plan, with technical information, for more efficient management of local public authorities. Melgaço, is located at the joint mouth of the Amazon River basin and the Tocantins River basin. The dissertation was organized in the following chapter format: Chapter 2, presents the theoretical framework, adopted in the research with the concepts mobilized to understand the theme studied - Cities and rivers in the Amazon a history of denial, concepts of anthropocene, political ecology, justice environmental and territorial, right to the city, sustainable city, environmental policies, environmental management and local development. Chapter 3 presents the geoenvironmental characterization of the area under study - Characteristics of the Tabocal River Basin, (altimetry, drainage, geology, slope, geomorphology, pedology and land use), geographic location, historical formation and participatory cartography. Chapter 4 explains the city's relations over and under water - The paradox of the city and water, urban expansion, socio-environmental impacts, reports from residents, and public authorities' views on the city's environmental management. And in Chapter 5, alternatives and proposals for local management are represented, providing greater sustainability to actions developed in urban space - The city and waters, sustainable cities, diagnosis and prognosis for mitigating negative impacts. The research was carried out from 2022 to 2023. The main relevant results: reports from interviewees, photographs, aerial images, participatory cartography workshop, production of maps through geoprocessing, technical note as a subsidy for the preparation of the Coastal Management Plan for Melgaço, based on SDGs 06 and 11. It is concluded that this study allows reflections, a path to new horizons, providing positive subsidies for mitigating impacts. Understanding a rethinking with environmental wisdom and social justice, built based on endogenous needs, in partnership with local public authorities, development aimed at sustainability.