Simulador em realidade virtual para o manejo de lesão por pressão para discentes do curso de graduação em enfermagem

Abstract

This dissertation investigated the elaboration, development, testing, and outcomes of a simulator within a virtual reality environment as an innovative pedagogical approach for the teaching-learning process of pressure injury management in an undergraduate nursing program. To substantiate this research, the contributions of active methodologies are highlighted. These have emerged as pedagogical strategies focused on promoting active student learning. In this context, virtual reality (VR) is employed as an innovative technological resource for teaching and improvement in the healthcare field, with a particular focus on nursing. The methodology was applied research, employing a quantitative-qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach. For theoretical grounding and contextualization, an integrative literature review and data collection were conducted. The simulator software was developed by a multidisciplinary team, utilizing the 3D modeling system Blender 3.5 for the creation of virtual elements. The integration of these models into the immersive virtual reality environment was executed through the Unity 3D game development engine. Product testing involved the utilization of virtual reality resources, such as the Oculus Rift, consoles, and motion sensors, in conjunction with a monitor and computer, thereby providing students with an interactive and immersive experience within the simulated pressure injury management scenario. The research involved the participation of nursing specialists and undergraduate students and was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Artificial Intelligence (LAAI) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), located in Belém. Data collection at each stage of the development and testing process employed specific instruments. The analysis of the obtained data encompassed content analysis of discursive and objective responses, and the interpretation of quantitative data presented in graphs, aiming to understand the participants' perception of the simulator. The results and discussions presented in this dissertation demonstrate that the developed virtual simulator possesses significant potential as an empowering and facilitating tool for the teaching-learning process of pressure injury management in nursing education.