Diversidade de mamíferos e uso da fauna nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã - Amazonas - Brasil

Abstract

The northern part of western Amazon in Brazil has had few studies related to the diversity of mammals, especially in the Içá-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves. This fauna, as well as birds and reptiles, has been constantly impacted by human led activities, like hunting. This study had two main objectives, to initiate a systematic survey of the diversity of mastofauna in different habitats of Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, and to investigate its patterns of use by local human population. An updated species list was created to cover the Iça-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves, as well as to each sample area. An analysis of hunting practices was made to determine íts impacts on the local fauna of mammals, bírds and reptiles and to generate subsidies to the elaboration of management plans for these protected arcas. To carry out this analysis, huntíng expeditions were monítored in six villages in Mamirauá Reserve and four in Amanã, during a period of two years. Two major field expeditions were made in both areas and the survey produced represents the first systematic investígation about the diversity of mammals in Amanã, which considered every order present in the region. In addition to that, the list of mastofauna produced for Mamirauá through this study added 25% more species than previous lists. It was identified 57 mammal species in Amanã and 40 in Mamirauá. Furtherrnore, the results already obtained have elucidated prior queries about a few mammal species present in these Reserves. Mammal diversity was central to the hunting patterns found during the study period. In Amanã typical Amazonian hunting patterns were encountered, that is, herbivore mammals and large and medium sized bírds were mostly hunted and represented the highest percentage of prey weight. The main huntíng pattern found in Mamirauá was the use of Chelonia, Prímates and Aves (medium and large sized). Finally, considerations were made about the establíshment of strategies toward the management of the cynergetic fauna in the areas under study, in order to contribute to a future sustainable model of wildlife use, one that takes in consideration biological, economical and cultural aspects in the region.