Famílias de crianças com deficiência mental no contexto ribeirinho amazônico: percepções de pais moradores da Ilha de Combu - PA

Abstract

The present study used the perspective contextual and the Bioecological Theory of Humam Development to identify the perceptions shared among parentes of children with mental disabilities from a bordering community (Ilha do Combu, Pará). It was followed the three families who had a son with mental deficiency registered in the Belém’s Municipal Secretary of Education and / or diagnosis that proved the mental disability. Ethical concerns have been taken in approving the project by ethics committee of UFPA and awareness of participants about the objectives and the risks involved and the secrecy of their identities. The approach of the researcher to the investigated context occurred by the Ecological Engagement methodology. The collects was divided into two distinct stages: first there were regular visits to families registered by the instrument field diary, so the researcher sought to integrate into the environment by successive interactions and became as close as possible of the participants and the second moment it was used the ISD (Inventory socio-demographic) and FIT (Family Identification Test). The results pointed differentiated conditions of development of the children in accordance with perceptions shared by your parents and the contextual features presented on the island. The positive identifications were associated to the good performance of parents’ cares and perceptions of acceptance and belonging in the family of Ana. In the others families (Taciana and Alexandra) were observed conflicts and difficulties represented by the factors: overload in the cares to the son, rejection of the diagnosis, conflicts between the parents and negative identifications. The search concluded that the perceptions shared by the parents were connected to the support received during the diagnosis, the roles in the family, the characteristics of children and contextual aspects present in the culture marked by the isolation region flooded and that has a network social composed of relatives living on the island for generetions.