Teses em Geologia e Geoquímica (Doutorado) - PPGG/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6341
O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Evolução supergênica do depósito cuprífero Alvo 118 - Província Mineral de Carajás(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-15) SANTOS, Pabllo Henrique Costa dos; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-0432The Carajás Mineral Province is home to one of the most extensive cupriferous belts in the world, where hypogene mineralizations were partially transformed into gossans, later lateritized and/or truncated during landscape evolution. These covers represent an information source for mineral exploration and, in some cases, can be mined together with parental hypogene mineralizations. The plateaus of the South American Surface host complete and lateritized gossans, while the surrounding denuded areas, typical of the Velhas Surface, exhibit incomplete or immature gossans, with the Alvo 118 deposit as an example. In this orebody, the hypogene mineralization was converted into an immature gossan located at depth, while the host rocks were weathered near the surface, forming a mineralized saprolite. The gossan comprises an oxidation zone, which includes goethite, malachite, pseudomalachite, cuprite, tenorite, native copper, ramsbeckite, chrysocolla, and libethenite, with relics of a secondary sulfide zone, represented by chalcocite. These minerals are distributed in the goethite, malachite, cuprite, and libethenite zones, with their mineral successions reflecting the transition of mineralizing solutions from acidic to slightly alkaline conditions and an increase in oxidation potential. This environment was established from the interaction of acid solutions, derived from chalcopyrite dissolution, with the gangue minerals (calcite and apatite) and the host rocks, granodiorites and, secondarily, chloritites, which acted in buffering the system, favoring the formation of new copper-bearing minerals. The strong correlations of CuO with Ag, Te, Pb, Se, Bi, Au, In, Y, U, and Sn in the hypogene mineralization reflect the inclusions of petzite, altaite, galena, uraninite, cassiterite, and stannite in chalcopyrite. In the gossan, Ag, Te, Pb, Se, and Bi remained associated and were incorporated into neoformed copper minerals. On the other hand, Au, In, Y, U, and Sn exhibit greater affinity with iron oxyhydroxides, as well as Zn, As, Be, Ga, Mo and Ni. The δ65Cu values reinforce that the investigated gossan is immature and was not intensely affected by leaching processes. The main mineral phases identified in the saprolite are kaolinite (predominant), associated with chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, quartz, and iron oxyhydroxides. Iron oxyhydroxides are strongly correlated with Ga, Sc, Sn, V, Mn, Co, and Cr, partly derived from the weathering of parent rocks. Additionally, Mössbauer spectroscopy data point to the important role of ferrihydrite and goethite as copper-bearing phases. There is no evidence of copper incorporation by clay minerals. The δ56Fe values indicate a little contribution of primary mineralization to the Fe content of the saprolite, which is more influenced by chlorite weathering. The association Al2O3, Hf, Zr, Th, TiO2, Ce, La, Ba, and Sr represents the geochemical signature of the host rocks, which influence the chemical composition of the three types of mineralization. On the other hand, the association In, Y, Te, Pb, Bi, and Se comprise the main pathfinder elements of the hypogene mineralization. Detailed knowledge of the supergene mineral and geochemical fractionation makes the Alvo 118 deposit a reference guide for investigating immature gossans and mineralized saprolites in denuded areas of the Carajás Mineral Province or equivalent terrains.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Petrogênese e história tectônica dos granitóides mesoarqueanos de Ourilândia (PA) – Província Carajás(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-16) SILVA, Luciano Ribeiro da; OLIVEIRA, Davis Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0294264745783506; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-0472Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from the main Mesoarchean units in the Ourilândia do Norte area (Carajás Province, Amazon Craton) were combined with a review of the main geological-structural, petrographic and geochemical aspects of these rocks, which allowed a redefinition of local stratigraphy, as well as a better understanding of the nature of the sources, based on geochemical modeling. In addition, a modern framework of the tectonostratigraphic correlations and the main events that led to the stabilization of the province was presented, as well as their implications for the origin of the plate tectonics. The Ourilândia granitoids are composed of interdigitated batholiths of sanukitoids and potassic granites, with subordinate TTG. (1) The TTG represent the oldest event in the area (2.92 Ga) and they are composed of tonalitic xenoliths (Mogno suite) and a porphyritic trondhjemite stock (Rio Verde suite), in which biotite is the main mafic mineral. The xenoliths are intensely deformed and the trondhjemite presents small mafic enclaves. The xenolith provided chondritic values of εHf(2.92 Ga) = +2.0 to –0.2 and was formed by partial melting of hydrated metabasalts, while the trondhjemite presented εHf(2.92 Ga) = +2.3 to –3.5 suggesting a more complex origin involving mixing between TTG-type melt and a subchondritic component, reflecting its longer crustal residence time (Hf-TDMC = 3.2–3.5 Ga) in relation to the xenolith (Hf- TDMC = 3.2–3.3 Ga). (2) The sanukitoids were grouped in the Ourilândia sanukitoid suite, which integrates the Arraias granodiorite (2.92 Ga) and the Ourilândia tonalite-granodiorite complex (2.88 Ga), which is composed of tonalites and granodiorites with subordinate quartz monzodiorite, quartz diorite and mafic enclaves. In general, these rocks show hornblende, biotite and epidote as the main mafic phases. The Arraias granodiorite is the oldest sanukitoid unit in the province and one of the oldest in the world. It provided εHf(2.92 Ga) values ranging from chondritic to subchondritic (+1.9 to –4.4) and can be generated by 29% melting of the mantle metasomatized by 40% TTG- type melt, under oxidizing conditions, leaving a residue composed of orthopyroxene, garnet, clinopyroxene and magnetite. Meanwhile, the Ourilândia complex provided values of εHf(2.88 Ga) = +3.4 to –2.0 and its different varieties of granitoids (including quartz monzodiorite) were formed from 18–33% melting of the mantle enriched by 20–40% TTG-type melt, under oxidizing conditions, leaving a residue composed of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet, magnetite ±olivine. The mafic enclaves and the quartz diorite show distinct petrogenetic histories and were assumed to be a product of partial melting from the mantle metassomatized by fluids at lower pressures, outside the garnet stability zone. (3) The equigranularmonzogranite represents the largest unit in the area and was correlated with the Boa Sorte batholith (Canaã dos Carajás granitic suite). Its parental magma can be formed by 18% melting from a TTG-type trondhjemite (analogous to those of Água Azul do Norte) under relatively oxidizing conditions, leaving a residue composed of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, magnetite and ilmenite. The U-Pb data allowed to distinguish four zircon populations (3.04 Ga, 2.97 Ga, 2.93 Ga and 2.88 Ga). The youngest population was interpreted as the magmatic crystallization age (coeval to the Ourilândia complex) and provided subchondritic values of εHf(2.88 Ga) = –0.8 to – 4.1, which confirms its crustal origin. The 2.93 Ga population was interpreted as crystals C inherited from the TTG-type source and provided chondritic εHf(2.93 Ga) = +2.8 to –0.7 (Hf-TDMC = 3.1–3.4 Ga), indicating a shorter crustal residence time than the 2.88 Ga population (Hf-TDMC = 3.3–3.5 Ga). The populations dated at 3.04 Ga and 2.97 Ga were interpreted as xenocrystals with εHf(3.04 Ga) = –1.7 to –2.2 (Hf-TDMC = 3.5 Ga) and εHf(2.97 Ga) = +1.4 to –5.7 (Hf-TDMC = 3.3–3.7 Ga), respectively. (4) The high-Ti porphyritic granodiorite and the associated heterogranular monzogranite are closely related to the Boa Sorte granite and were grouped in the Tucumã granodiorite-granite suite, which has affinity with the Closepet (Dharwar craton, India) and the Matok (Pietersburg block, South Africa) granites. The high-Ti granodiorite can be formed by 30% melting from the mantle enriched with 40% of TTG-type melt under oxidizing conditions, leaving a residue composed of orthopyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene and magnetite, with the participation of a component enriched in HFSEs, such as sediments, fluids and/or asthenosphere materials. The petrogenesis of the monzogranite of this suite involved mixing between 40% crust-derived magmas (Boa Sorte granite) and 60% enriched mantle-derived magmas (high-Ti granodiorite). A three-stage tectonic model is assumed to explain the C origin and isotopic signature of the studied granitoids. In general, the Hf-TDMC ranging from 3.7 to 3.1 Ga, indicating the existence of a Paleoarchean crustal component, which was generated in long-lived dome-and-keel tectonics (~600 Ma) and later recycled in the mantle allowing its enrichment from low-angle subduction in Mesoarchean (2nd setting), where the TTG-type granitoids and the first sanukitoid generation were formed at 2.92 Ga. Then, a short-lived collision (3rd setting) defined by the peak regional metamorphism (2.89–2.84 Ga) and associated with crustal thickening and slab breakoff allowed the origin of large volumes of mantle- and crust-derived magmas at ~2.88 Ga, where the ascent and emplacement were conditioned by shear zones.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) A dinâmica dos manguezais no Nordeste do Brasil: uma abordagem a partir de dados de sensores remotos e SIG.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-27) PEREIRA, Edson Adjair de Souza.; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; 3282736820907252This study assesses the dynamics of mangroves in the northeastern Brazil in the last four decades from the classification of remote sensing images based on geographic objects (GEOBIA). This methodology combines spectral, temporal and spatial information of multi-temporal images to create consistent objects (mangrove areas) for a statistical analysis from classified images. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in mangrove forest cover in all states of the northeastern Brazil between 1975 and 2008, with regard to the increase or decrease mangrove areas in response to natural (erosion and accretion) and anthropogenic (Aquaculture / salinicultura) variations. In this study were processed and analyzed remote sensing images (RADAMBRASIL, ALOS PALSAR, TM Landsat and SRTM) from GEOBIA approach. During the studied period, there was a reduction of ~ 1,545 km2 mangrove forest area in 1975 to ~ 1480 km2 in 2008. This represents a net loss of ~ 65 km2, which is equivalent to a decrease of 13% in the mangrove forest area. Of the nine states studied, only Ceará and Pernambuco showed a gain in coverage of mangroves, while all others were reduced. Among the total mangrove forest area lost during the study period (~ 953 km2), the aquaculture/saliniculture ponds represent ~ 10%. Importantly, in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará the conversion of mangrove areas for aquaculture/saliniculture ponds already represent ~ 41% and 32% of the total area of mangrove lost, respectively. Therefore, it concludes that the methodology used to assess the dynamics of mangroves in northeastern Brazil from different sources of remote sensing data was extremely effective. New strategies for recovery and sustainable use of mangrove areas should be established in order to conserve this ecosystem for future generations.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) O mar epicontinental Itaituba na região central da Bacia do Amazonas: paleoambiente e correlação com os eventos paleoclimáticos e paleoceanográficos do carbonífero(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-14) SILVA, Pedro Augusto Santos da; NOGUEIRA, Afonso César Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998The Carboniferous paleogeography of the West Gondwana was dominated by epicontinental seas connected with the Panthalassa Ocean to the west. 50m-thick Pennsylvanian mixed siliciclastic-carbonate transgressive succession of the Amazonas Basin, Northern Brazil, were studied in outcrops and cores using facies and stratigraphic analysis in combination with O- and C-isotopic stratigraphy. Thirty-four facies, representative of coastal to shelf depositional systems grouped in three facies associations (FA): FA1) coastal desertic deposits, consisting of fine to medium-grained sandstone, mudstone and fine-grained dolostone that corresponds to a complex association of aeolian dunes, sand sheets, interdunes, fluvial channels and lagoon deposits bioturbated by Palaeophycus, Lockeia, Thalassinoides and Rosselia trace fossils; FA2) mixed tidal flat setting, constituted by fine to medium-grained sandstone, mudstone, shale, siltstone, lime mudstone and fine dolostone interpreted as supratidal, tidal channel, tidal delta and lagoon deposits with some brachiopod and echinoderm body fossils; and FA3) carbonate shelf deposits, consisting of lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone and grainstone with allochems (ooids and peloids), terrigenous grains and abundant and diversified open shallow marine benthic organisms, including, fish remains, foraminifers, brachiopods, echinoderms, gastropods, bryozoans, trilobites, corals, ostracodes, and conodonts, interpreted as bioclastic bars and carbonate shelf deposits. The conodonts species Neognathodus symmetricus, Streptognathodus sp. and Ellisonia sp. in the FA3 indicate the Baskirian-Moscovian age. The dolomitization affected the limestone and sandstone of AF1 and AF2 replacing the micritic matrix and occur as saddle dolomite indicating mixed of meteoric and marine waters and late burial. The neomorphism of opaque micritic matrix and bivalve shells are indicated by the growing of xenotopic mosaic of calcite crystals. In contrast, the secondary calcite cement is equant, fiber, bladed and espatic. Micritization is found in the bioclast shells exhibiting micritic coatings. The autigenesis of quartz and biogenic pyrite is commonly found in FA2 and FA3. The mechanic and chemical compaction in limestone caused the porosity reduction, cementation, fractures and development of dissolution seams and stylolite. The sandstones were cemented by quartz, calcite and iron hydroxides/oxides and show concave-convex and sutured contacts between quartz grains. The predominance of eodiagenetic and subordinate mesodiagenetic features in the Monte Alegre-Itaituba succession indicated less modified framework by the diagenesis corroborating the pristine signature of δ13C values ranging from ~ -2 to ~+5.28‰. This enriched trend upsection coadunate with high organic productivity triggered by massive flourishment of euphotic-controlled benthic organisms mainly in the FA3. Five types of shallowing upward asymmetric cycles characterize the Monte Alegre-Itaituba succession. Peritidal cycles in coastal desertic (Cycle I) were formed by alternance of dolostone and sandstone with δ13C values ranging from -1.5 to +0.3‰. Cycles II consist in interbedded of sandstone-mudstone and sandstone-mudstone-floatstone rhythmites and the Cycle III constitute dolostone interbedded with sandstone. These cycles II and III were interpreted as tidal flat and lagoon deposits with δ13C values ranging from +3,98%₀ to +4, 62%₀. The Cycle IV is a rhythmite formed by wackestones/mudstones couplets while the Cycle V consists of alternance of grainstones, wackestones and lime mudstone (ABC cyclicity) passing upsection for cycles composed by wackestones and lime mudstone (AB cyclicity). The cycles IV and V are shelf deposits with δ13C values ranging from +3,65%₀ a +5,28%₀. The stacking of 53 cycles with average thickness of 1,1 m, combined with Fisher plot diagram, indicated an aggradational to retrogradational stacking pattern inserted in the lowstand to early transgressive system tract (Cycles I-III) and late transgressive system tract (Cycles IV and V). The succession was deposited in ~13 Ma and individual cycles accumulated in an approximately 0.25 my typical of fourth order cycles related to high-frequency fluctuations of relative sea level. These data were correlated to the global δ13C and sea-level curves that positioned the Monte Alegre-Itaituba succession in the Late Serpukhovian to Early Moscovian age. The influence of Late Misssipian glaciation was negligible in these deposits but the post-glacial transgression combined with slow subsidence of the Amazonas basin caused the generation of allogenic cycles I, IV and V. The cycles II and III were formed by autochthonous processes during a period of equilibrium between supply and glacioeustasy. The Monte Alegre-Itaituba succession is the record of a large Amazonia epicontinental sea that was directly connected with the Panthalassa Ocean during Pennsylvanian.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Materiais híbridos orgânicos-inorgânicos: argilominerais, óxidos e polímeros(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-23) CAVALCANTE, Manoella da Silva; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607The interaction on a nanometric scale of molecular or polymeric species with inorganic substrates constitute the basis for obtaining hybrid materials. The development of these materials represents an emerging and interdisciplinary topic between the frontiers of life sciences, materials and nanotechnology. The combination of these two materials, organic-inorganic, produces a new material with improved properties and structures essentially different from its individual components. Constituted by a continuous phase (matrix), being plastics or cellulose, and an inorganic phase, such as clay minerals or oxides. several papers have been published obtaining these materials with improved properties: traction modules, gas barrier, flame retardants, density, melt strength, electrical conductivity, etc. Capable of making industry flexible and rigid products and in the manufacture of electronic materials (wire and cable coatings manufacture of sensors / actuators), vaccine production, among others. The most clay minerals used in the synthesis of hybrid materials are the species montmorillonite, clay but others can also be used, such as illite and palygorskita. In the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, there are several occurrences of clay minerals, most notably smectite, illite and palygorskite. Among these clay minerals two new occurrences have already been identified and characterized by the UFPA Group of Applied Mineralogy (GMA), such as Bentonite Formosa and Palygorskite, which are abundant in the region and do not yet have an application. In addition to a new occurrence of illite not yet characterized in the region of the municipality of Barão de Grajaú (MA). Another material with great potential for obtaining nanomaterials is the vanadium pentoxide, having intrinsic features such as alignment of the magnetic field, and redox system such as gel elasticity, enabling application in the electronics industry for the manufacture of batteries and electrochromic displays for sensors/actuators. In Brazil, vanadium pentoxide began to be produced in 2014 by Maracás S/A. Currently, its consumption is focused on the production of special steels for the manufacture of aircraft structures and the aerospace industry. At the national level the production and development of hybrid materials and platforms for use in high-tech industry is small. Thus, the development and improvement of nanomaterials is necessary using as starting material and clay minerals national occurrence oxides. Within this context, this thesis aimed to develop a study on application of three clay minerals (Mg-montmorrillonite, illite and Palygorskita) from northeastern Brazil, besides vanadium pentoxide in the processing of hybrid materials using as poly matrix (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA ) and cellulose nanofibers. For this, the methodology of this work was divided into three parts: The first one consisted of the collection or synthesis, treatment and characterization of the individual materials (clay minerals, vanadium pentoxide, methyl poly (methacrylate) and cellulose). The second was to obtain hybrid materials clay mineral-PMMA (AP) and vanadium pentoxide cellulose (VC) and the third one was mainly to evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of the AP hybrids and the electrochromic properties of the VC films. The characterization of the samples confirmed the predominance of Mg-montmorillonite, Illita and Palygorskita. The natural clay and organophilic fraction were used to obtain 12 samples with common and elastomeric PMMA to perform the physical-chemical tests focusing mainly on flammability and traction. By means of XRD measurements it was possible to verify that there was interaction between the two organic-inorganic phases, and that in the elastomeric PMMA there was a better dispersion of the clay minerals. The tests carried out on these materials indicated that the hybrids exhibit intrinsic thermal and mechanical behavior of each material possibly related to the type of structure present in the inorganic phase, contributing to the increase or decrease of Tg, Tm, flammability and traction. Four V2O5-cellulose films were obtained and characterized. Electrochromic tests were conducted in the films that presented better performance. It was possible to verify that there was interaction between the nanofibers of vanadium pentoxide and cellulose maintaining the electrochromic property of the oxide. Potentiometric measures were found that after 30 and 100 cycles the films remained flexible and maintained their properties. In this way, this work concluded that it is possible to obtain hybrid materials with clay minerals coming from the northeastern region of Brazil and can adapt their thermal and mechanical properties according to their application. The same was observed for the VC films that presented satisfactory results and that can be used in displays and / or flexible sensors.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Soleiras e enxames de diques máficos do Sul-Sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-19) LIMA, Gabrielle Aparecida de; SOUSA, Maria Zélia Aguiar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3596566506872372; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136Sills and mafic dyke swarms are an important tool for understanding geodynamic processes once they mark the beginning of large extensional tectonic events, but also they are fundamental indicators of nature and evolution of mantle sources through geological time. In the S-SW Amazon Craton, Proterozoic sills and dyke swarms are reported in Eastern Bolivia, and in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. There are examples, such as the dyke swarms of the Huanchaca, Rancho de Prata, and Rio Perdido intrusive suites as well as mafic sills of the Huanchaca, and Salto do Céu suites, and Rincón del Tigre Complex. This work aims to characterize the nature, petrological evolution and tectonics of the mafic magmatic event related to tafrogenetic events that are responsible for the break-up or attempted break-up of continental crust. Several tools were used in order to clarify this issue, such as geological mapping, petrographic, lithogeochemical and geochronological (U-Pb IDTIMS and Ar-Ar) analysis. The studied units are sited in the municipalities of Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Nova Lacerda, Conquista D‟Oeste, and Salto do Céu in Mato Grosso, and in Porto Murtinho and Caracol in Mato Grosso do Sul. Rocks of the Salto do Céu suite occur in the municipalities of Salto do Céu and Rio Branco (MT), and outcrop as sills and lava flows. Sills are emplaced into pelitic rocks of the Aguapeí Group usually with shallow dips towards WSW. Lava flows overly the same sedimentary unit and show internal vertical structures and flow-top structures that are typical of thin basaltic flows. Vesicles and amygdales are commonly observed along with flow-folds and breccias. Petrographically, these rocks are mesocratic to melanocratic, greenish-gray to black, and equigranular varying from very fine- to medium-grained. Sills consist of diabases and massif gabbros that under the microscope show ophitic, sub-ophitic, intergranular, and coronitic textures. They are essentially composed of plagioclase and pyroxene having its accessory assemblage represented by opaques, acicular apatite and subhedral sphene. Lava flows, in turn, consist of basalts and diabases that commonly displays ophitic, sub-ophitic, hyalophitic, porphyritic or amygdaloidal textures in a pseudo-trachytic groundmass; some samples exhibit vitrophyric texture. The main components are plagioclase, pyroxene, and relict glass. Amygdales are rounded to ellipsoidal filled with fibrous to fibro-radiated material which is composed of zeolites, chlorite, fluorite, and opaques. Sills and lava flows have tholeiitic affinity, and are classified as intraplate basalts. This suite shows a U-Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1439 ± 4 Ma. 40Ar-39Ar analysis of plagioclase and amphibole provided a plateau age of 1021 ± 5 Ma, and an integrated age of 1385 ± 9 Ma, respectively. Numerous mafic dykes of the Rancho de Prata Intrusive Suite occur in the surroundings of Nova Lacerda and Conquista D‟Oeste (MT) along an array about 30 km-wide and 150 km-long trending NNW. They occurs as parallel dyke swarms striking N30°–40°W with steep dips. There are no records of deformation or metamorphism on these rocks which occur in intrusive contact with gneissic, granitic and metavulcanossedimentary rocks of the basement. These mafic dykes consist of gabbros, diabases, and basalts, very fine to medium-grained, which exhibits phaneritic, aphanitic to porphyritic textures. They are melanocratic dark-gray to black, with massif structure, in places with discrete foliation parallel to the dyke walls. Microscopically, these rocks are holo- to hypocrystalline, and show porphyritic, intergranular, and subophitic to ophitic textures, and are essentially composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, olivine and amphibole. Dark-brown intergranular glass is seldom observed in basalts. Lithogeochemical studies allow us to classify these rocks as basalts and andesiticbasalts. The magmatism is sub-alkaline to tholeiitic whose chemical affinity is compatible with continental basalts. Two groups are observed in rare earth elements distribution patterns: one strongly fractionated and enriched in light ETR, and another one weakly fractionated with medium La/Yb ratios, respectively, 3.22 and 1.26. A U-Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1387 ± 17 Ma was obtained for the dyke swarms. 40Ar-39Ar analysis of plagioclase provided plateau ages of 967 ± 5 Ma and 980 ± 7 Ma. However, 40Ar-39Ar age-spectrum data for amphibole is heterogeneous, therefore provide integrated ages of 1495 ± 8 Ma and 1509 ± 7 Ma. Sills and mafic dykes of the Huanchaca Intrusive Suite are sited in the portion of the Paraguá Terrane which is not affected by the Sunsás Orogeny (1.1 to 0.9). Dykes occur emplaced into the basement rocks underlying the Aguapeí Group that are represented by the Mesoproterozoic granites Guaporeí and Passagem that form part of the Pensamiento Granitoid Complex, as well as by the Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses Shangri-lá and Turvo that occur within the Chiquitania Metamorphic Complex; sills, in turn, are emplaced into the pelites and sandstones of the Vale da Promissão Formation (Aguapeí Group). Sills outcrop as blocks and low-lying outcrops in abrupt and parallel contacts to the layering of sedimentary rocks. On the other hand, dykes outcrop as small and discontinuous trending-ENE crests, or as single, rounded and angular blocks in the granitic-gnaissic terrane whose main orientation varies between N70°-90°E. Sills consist of gabbros and diabases, are greenish-gray to black in colour, and fine- to medium-grained. Optically, these are holocrystalline with sub-ophitic to ophitic texture, and rare intergranular texture. Cumulate rocks of restricted occurrence were identified with paragenesis and textures similar to each other whose difference is the presence of olivine and high content of mafic minerals. These rocks are essentially composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, opaques, and in a few of them, alkali-feldspar and quartz displaying graphic intergrowth are also observed. Dykes are dark-gray to greenish-gray with grain size decreasing from the rock wall towards the center of the body from very fine-grained or glassy to medium-grained, respectively. They are classified as diabases and basalts, respectively, holo to hypocrystalline, and have an essential composition of plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine. Under the microscope, diabases show inequigranular, sub-ophitic, and subordinate ophitic textures, and are fine- to medium-grained, while basalts display porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, and textures vitrophyric, and rarely intersertal to hyalophitic textures. Chemically, dykes and sills are classified into sub-alkaline andesitic basalts (tholeiitic) formed in intraplate settings. REE patterns show that sills are richer in total REE relative to the dykes, as well as show significant vertical variation with respect to the REE pattern envelope, yet parallel to it. Ar-Ar plateau ages were obtained for the sills both from plagioclase (948 ± 5 Ma), and amphibole (1113 ± 11 Ma). A U-Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1111.5 ± 1.9 Ma was also obtained for sills. The dyke swarms that form part of the Rio Perdido Intrusive Suite occur emplaced into Paleoproterozoic rocks sited in the Rio Apa Terrane (SW of Mato Grosso do Sul), and Paraguay. Dykes are tabular to lenticular, 1 to 30 m thick, generally striking N70°-90°E and N70º-90ºW. They exhibit abrupt and discordant contact with respect to the general NS trend. Dykes consist of very fine- to fine-grained diabases, and fine- to medium-grained microgabbros, both with no evidence of ductile deformation and metamorphism. Under the microscope, they are holocrystalline with ophitic to sub-ophitic, intergranular, and, in places, porphyritic textures, as well as quench textures in which they display swallow-tail shape. They contain essential plagioclase, pyroxenes and olivine, and show a tholeiitic trend with FeOt enrichment relative to MgO for relatively constant alkali contents. They are classified as basalts and andesitic basalts that are similar to Phanerozoic intraplate basalts. REE patterns show strong fractionation of light REE relative to the heavy, with La/Yb ratios varying between 2.8 and 6.2 and Eu anomalies subtly negative or absent. Recent U-Pb (ID-TIMS) data on baddeleyite provided an age of 1110 Ma. The Rincón del Tigre Igneous Complex is a thick layered intrusion that intrudes into the Sunsás Group (below), and into the Vibosi Group (above). Its name is due to the region of Rincón del Tigre in Bolivia, and is characterized as an igneous event related to the Sunsás Orogeny. It is divided into three units: Ultramafic (basal), Mafic (intermediate), and Felsic (superior). The Ultramafic Unit is composed of serpentinized dunite, harzburgite, olivine bronzite, bronzite picrite, and melanorite, while the Mafic Unit is composed of norite and gabbro. The Felsic Unit is represented by granophyres. A U-Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1110.4 ± 1.8 Ma was obtained from the Felsic Unit, and show chronological similarity to the syn- and postorogenic granitic suites that occur in the Sunsás-Aguapeí province sited in Bolivia, and Brazil. Based on K-Ar ages varying between 1006 and 875 Ma, the units above were attributed to a single magmatic event and interpreted as a LIP that formed during an attempted breakup of Rodinia. Now, based on new precise geochronologic data (U-Pb TIMS on baddeleyite, and Ar-Ar on amphibole and plagioclase), and field and petrological data, this hypothesis is not supported anymore. There were two fissural magmatic events prior to the agglutination of this supercontinent: the older one with ages of 1439 and 1387 Ma, and the younger one around 1110 Ma old. By taking into account the evolution of the Amazon Craton, the older episode is marked by dyke swarms of the Rancho de Prata suite as well as lava flows and sills of the Salto do Céu suite, likely associated with post-orogenic stages of the Santa Helena Magmatic Arc in the Jauru Terrane; the younger event, which have occurrence restricted to the Paraguá and Rio Apa Terranes, is represented by the Huanchaca, and Rio Perdido suites and Rincón del Tigre Complex, and form part of a Stenian LIP sited in the south-southwestern Amazon Craton. This LIP evolved from an attempted break-up of continental crust that resulted in the formation of the Aguapeí Aulacogen. The Sunsás and Aguapeí Belts mark the period of agglutination of Rodinia, and are responsible for the metamorphism and deformation observed in part of this Stenian LIP.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da dinâmica das áreas de manguezal no litoral Norte do Brasil a partir de dados multisensores e hidrossedimentológicos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-16) NASCIMENTO JUNIOR, Wilson da Rocha; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of the mangrove areas in the north coast of Brazil from images of remote orbital sensors and hydrosedimentological data (flow and suspened sediment concentration). We tried to understand the existence of causality between the expansion or retraction of the mangroves with the suspened solid discharge calculated from the data of flow and suspened sediment concentration. The mangroves were mapped, using the object oriented classification technique, in the years 1975, 1996 and 2008 based on data from microwave sensors (RADAM / GEMS, JERS-1, ALOS / PALSAR). The data of fluviometric stations and sediments of the National Water Agency were used to calculate the solid discharge in suspension in the rivers Araguari, Gurupi, Pindaré, Grajaú and Mearim seeking to relate the addition and erosion in the areas of mangrove with the sedimentary load of the rivers that drain On the coast. The flow variations reflect the precipitation in the sub-basins of the analyzed rivers and presented a strong and moderate correlation with the temperature anomalies on the surface of the Pacific Ocean evidencing a relation of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena with the precipitation regimes in the Amazon. The variations of suspended sediment concentration were not related to the fluviometric variation suggesting that the annual mean oscillations are reflections of other phenomena (coverage and land use). The results show that the drainage areas of the sub-basins most impacted by the anthropic action contribute with a higher sediment load to rivers that have a higher concentration of native forest. Native vegetation contributes to containment of soil erosion and exposed soil and pasture areas are more vulnerable to soil erosion. The Gurupi, Pindaré, Grajaú and Mearim Rivers presented solid suspended load higher than or equal to the Araguari River. Analyzing the mangroves in the estuaries we noticed the addition of mangroves along the estuaries of the Gurupi and Mearim rivers (Baia de São Marcos) and the reduction of mangrove areas in the Araguari estuary. The Amazon coastal zone is subject to natural processes of great magnitude, but atrophic activities influence the natural dynamics of the region by implementing unsustainable economic practices.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Transformações térmicas e propriedades cerâmicas de resíduos de caulins das regiões do rio Capim e do rio Jari – Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-03-23) MARTELI, Marlice Cruz; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9559386620588673Mullite, Al6Si2O13, is a relatively rare mineral in nature, formed under exceptional conditions of high temperature and pressure, which can be used to synthesize this mineral. Mullite presents excellent mechanical resistance at high and normal temperatures; low thermal expansion coefficient; good chemical and thermal stability. Such characteristics explain the importance of mullite in traditional and advanced ceramics. This research proposes the development of a process to synthesize mullite using the wastes from kaolin processing industries located in the rio Jari (Monte Dourado-PA) and rio Capim (Ipixuna-PA) districts. Preliminary studies are made on the synthesized materials for application as base materials for grog and silicon-aluminum refractory bricks. The steps are: (a) mineralogical and chemical characterization, verifying the differences between the materials; (b) processing through calcinations of the wastes at increasing levels of temperature with 100 oC increments, ranging from 600 to 1500 oC, during 3 hours at each level, so mineralogical changes can be observed and; (c) the study of temperature and impurities effects through X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, green bodies cleavage, thin layer and polished section; and of ceramics properties, through green bodies retraction (shrinking). The results of this work indicate that detrites from kaolin industries at rio Jari and rio Capim are constituted mainly by kaolinite. The PR samples showed a higher level of structural order than the CR samples. The increase in calcination temperature favored agglomeration in both samples. A higher content of Fe in the CR samples influenced mullite formation, activation energy, and linear shrinking in sintering. Also, through to the results of the refractarity essays, both industrial waste samples showed that they can be used as starting materials for refractories and grog.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Proveniência de depósitos albianos do grupo Itapecurú (Bacia de São Luis - Grajaú) com base em petrografia, paleocorrentes, geoquímica e idades de zircão detrítico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-23) NASCIMENTO, Marivaldo dos Santos; MACAMBIRA, Moacir José Buenano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489178778254136; GÓES, Ana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2220793632946285The Albian deposits comprise ca. 70% of sedimentary fill of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, with 500 m thick in their main depocenters. The origin and sedimentary evolution of these deposits is related to the breakup of Africa and South America which led to the connection of the formerly separated Central and South Atlantic oceans, in Mesozoic time. Albian exposures in the southern border of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, Grajaú region, represent a fluvial-deltaic succession whith six depositional environments, including: delta front (mouth) bar, distal bar/prodelta, upper shoreface/foreshore, interdistributary bay/crevasse, fluvial channel and distributary channel. They consist, mainly, of fine- to medium sandstones, as well as siltstones, mudstones and intraformational conglomerate. Palaeocurrent study, petrography and geochemistry of sandstones and heavy minerals, and detrital zircon ages were utilized to investigate the provenance of this sedimentary unit. This study was performed on sandstone samples whose modal compositions plot in the quartzarenite field indicating origin from recycled orogen and continental blocks. High proportion of quartz grains, monocrystaline and polycrystalline, as well as quartzite fragments, and rounded grains of zircon and tourmaline with a wide variety of mechanical surface textures, suggest a provenance from sedimentary rocks, and that at least part of the studied sediments are multicyclic. Chemical weathering processes is little evident as indicated by absence of solution features in these mineral grains. Therefore, the modal composition can be related to the sedimentary recycling or strong reworking on depositional environment. High CIA (Al2O3/Al2O3+K2O+Na2O+CaO*x100) values suggest transportation and recycling from sources located far away from the depositional basin, which is, in turn, consistent with a provenance from the recycled orogens and continental blocks. Based on palaeocurrent patterns and RuZi the Albian succession in the south region of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin was defined four heavy mineral zones, generically named A, B, C and D, in ascending stratigraphic order. Geochemistry of tourmaline grains indicate provenance from metapelites and metapsammites, with few contributions from granite and pegmatite. Zircon Hf patterns suggest changing of the source of these zones: Zone A is characterized by an Hf unimodal distribution, while in the Zones B, C and D, is bimodal. The staurolite shows a relatively limited amount of compositional variations. Involvement of metasediments is inferred from the presence of staurolite and kyanite in the sandstones, as well as by predominance of dravite in the tourmaline populations. Discriminant function analysis using major element compositions show that these deposits were deposited in the passive continental margin (PM). PM sediments are mainly quartz-rich, sourced from craton interiors or stable continental regions, which were deposited in intra-cratonic sedimentary basins or on passive continental margin. The Albian sediments are characterized by LREE enrichment, depletion in HREE, and negative Eu-anomaly. This REE pattern, measured to infer the provenance of sediments and their relationship with average post-Archean upper continental crust, is very consistent with this interpretation. Enriched HREE concentration in the some samples may be attributed to the presence of REE bearing heavy minerals, supported by the fact that these samples have higher concentration of Th, U and Zr, reflecting natural concentration of zircon grains. Pb-Pb geochronological analyses of 238 detrital zircon grains show a direct fingerprint of Precambrian terrains (Archean to Proterozoic) in the source. Three major zircon populations were detected: Archean (3103-2545 Ma), Paleoproterozoic (2460- 1684 Ma) and Neoproterozoic (993-505 Ma); small groups of Mesoproterozoic (1570- 1006 Ma), Paleozoic (440-540 Ma) and Mesozoic (141-314 Ma) grains are also present. The Neoproterozoic component shows an increase upwards with main peaks between 550 Ma and 650 Ma. A similar pattern is shown by the Archean interval, which exhibits a strong relative increase upwards, peaking between 2725 Ma and 2926 Ma, while Paleoproterozoic component has a distinct behavior, showing an evident decrease upwards. The potential source regions were deduced on the basis of palaeocurrent patterns and correlations of detrital zircon age from the sandstones studied with U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon data from the basement. Our data suggest that the Albian deposits, specially those of the Zone A, were preferentially sourced from the northern and northeastern regions, including São Luís Craton, Gurupi Belt and northwestern portion of Borborema Province. Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic zircon ages as those found in zircons from this zone, are very common in these basement. In contrast, the sediments of zones B, C e D were supplied from the areas located to the south, southwest and, possibly east, involving the eastern portion of the Amazonian Craton/Araguaia Belt, and Borborema Province. Metassedimentary and igneous rocks with similar zircon ages (mainly Archean) have been described in these regions. The ca. 1.0 Ga detrital zircon ages show a correspondence with the Cariris Velhos Event, widely recognized in the central portion of the Borborema Province. In summary, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of an integrated approach to provenance evaluation of Cretaceous sedimentary deposits using petrography, heavy minerals and bulk sediment chemistry, zircon ages, and palaeocurrent data.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aspecto tectôno-sedimentares do fanerozóico do nordeste do estado do Pará e noroeste do Maranhão, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1992-09-16) IGREJA, Hailton Luiz Siqueira da; FARIA JUNIOR, Luis Ercílio do Carmo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2860327600518536A synthesis of the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Phanerozoic at Northeastern Pará and Northwestern Maranhão is discussed with enphasis to the Bragança-Viseu and São Luis basins. This research is based on field observations, gravity (Bouguer Anomalies), magnetic, seismic, and borehole data interpretations. Five sedimentary sequences are defined: 1) Piriá-Camiranga (Cambrian-Ordovician to Silurian), 2) Lower Itapecuru (Lower Cretaceous), 3) Upper Itapecuru (Upper Cretaceous), 4) Pirabas-Barreiras (Oligocene-Mioceneto Pliocene) and 5) Pará (Quaternarg). The regional basement is an igneous-metamorphic assemblage which outcrops in two windows. The sedimentary and structural features of the Piriá-Camiranga sequence are consistent with a tectono-sedimentary model of coastal environment with fluvio-glacial influence related to a tilted blocks system induced by strike-slip motion. This sequence represents an evolutive stage coincident to the Eo-Hercynian paroxysm (Paleozoic) which ended with the closure of the Atlantic I (first geotectonic cycle of the Gondwana). The Lower and Upper Itapecuru, as well as the Pirabas-Barreiras and Pará sequences, are related to the Equatorial Atlantic opening during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. They are analysed by severa), authors which reached the interpretations refered to as Models of: Fracture Zones; Anti-clockwise rotation of Africa; Intumescence and fracturing; Clockwise rotation of the South America Nate; and Wrench Tectonics. These models were experimented for the studied area. The time and environments of the sedimentary processes are related to the rift and pos-rift phases of the equatorial coastal basins, but these models were not adequate to explain the structural features. A new model is proposed to explain the origin and development of the basins taking into account a regional NE-SW extension axis and formation of the Bragança-Viseu and São Luís basins with similar polarities. The tectono-sedimentary map for the Phanerozoic of the Northeastern Pará / Northwestern Maranhão enhances the compatibility of the depositional and tectonics systems with two periods of oceanic opening of the Northern Gondwana border.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Evolução mineralógica e geoquímica de lateritos sobre rochas do complexo de Maicurú - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-08-17) LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302The study on the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the laterites formed from the weathering of the aika-Iine-ultramafic-carbonatite rocks of the Maicuru complex, Pará, were based in the sampling of laterites (about 223 samples), including lateritic profiles (on the apatitite, glimmerite, pyroxenite, biotitite, dunite and syenite) and surface (crust and soils) materials. This study permited to conclude that after dissolution of the carbonates, complete alteration of the pyroxenes and anphiboles in to smectites and micas (biotite and phlogopite) in to vermiculite, and incipient alteration of the fluorapatite, occurred: enrichement of the REE, probabig in the form of carbonate-hidroxi; moderate losses in Si, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Zn, Y, Sr and P; and retention of Al, Ni, Co, Cu, main-tmined in smectite and vermiculite, Fe, Ti, Nb, represented bg ilmenomagnetite, titanite and perovskite (Ti and Nb), and Zr, lodged in the ilmemomagnetite and titanite structures. In the transitional and phosphatic-clageg hor)zons interface occured the degradation of smectite and vermiculite and dissolution of fluorapatite and perovskite, while titanite and ilmenomagnetíte remain inaltered. In this wag the following products were obtained: Kaolínite, goethite, anatase and aluminous phosphates (wavelite, wardite and crandallite group). Hence, was observed: moderate enrichment in Ti, Nb and Zr, depletion in rare earth elements, especially in the LREE; retention of Al and Fe; and expressive losses in other elements analyzed, relative to the lower levels of the Profiles. In the intermediary levels of the phosphatic-clayey horizon the transformation of the titanite into anatase, took place with retention of Nb and Zr in its structures and the liberation of REE, Ca, Sr and Na, which were in part retained as crandallite group and wardite phosphates. In the phosphatic-clayey and crust horizons interface oxidation of ilmenomagneti-te occurred, with latter evolution into maghemite and anatase. From this level was possible to verify into the lateritic profiles: a great enrichment in Y, REE, (mainly LREE, due to high concentration in crandalite group), Ti, Nb, Fe and Zr, represented by anatase and maghemite; moderate enrichement of Cu, as turquoise, Sr and Zn, acomoded in structure of the crandallite group; Mn contained in the ilmenites and as hgdroxides (which fixed fractions of Co); intense lixiviation of Si, Kr Ca and Mg, moderate lixiviation of Na e Ni; and little lixiviation of P. The chondrite normalized REE patterns for the parent rocks indicated a preferable enrichment in LREE relative to the HREE. This behavior as reflected along the profiles, but stand out mainly in the outcropping crust, samples where there is abundance of crandalite group phosphates. Eventually, the enrichment of HREE in the phosphatic-clayey horizon and in some samples formation of the crust was observed, probably due to churchite. The laterites show favorable economic perspectives for phosphates, titanium and rare earth elements.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Evolução geotectônica do pré-cambriano da região meio norte do Brasil e sua correlação com a África Ocidental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-12-04) ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; HASUI, Yociteru; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3392176511494801This study presente a proposal for the geotectonic evolution for the pre-Cambrian portion of mid north region of Brazil and its correlation with western Africa based on the Integration of multldisciplinary geologic Information. Two types of geotectonic units are recognized: estabilized areas at the lower Proterozoic/early mid-Proterozoic (cratonic nuclei) and adjacent areas whose tectonic instability continued until the Phanerozoic (mobile belts). In the first case, one finds the Amazonian craton, not analysed in this work, and the Western African Craton/São Luis. The second case, assesses the vast reglon known In Brazil as Araguaia Belt and northwest of the Borborema Province that along with the southwest portion of the Tentugai Belt provide south continuity to the Parnaíba basin emergence. On the African side, the easternmost part of the West African Craton corresponding to the Pharusian, Daomeinian and to the west side of the Rocklides and Mauritanides belts, this last one with configurated evolution until the Hercynian Orogeny. In the cratonic nuclei one finds preserved geometric aspects which are fundamental for the past relationship between the more ancient sialitic crust where one visualizes the presence of globular batholiths, incrusted in high degree gneiss highly deformed and its cover often represented by sequences of the "greenstone belt type". The formation of this continental crust would have ocurred initlally by underplating being increased horizontaliy afterwards by primary cratonic nuclei. In the areas where tectonic Instability continued, continental Ilthosphere was extremely modified providing conditions for the establishment of sedimentary basins by colapse of the superstructure, generating magma simultaneously with plastic deformation that established complex relationships between gneiss and the roots of these basins, generating high degree terrain, low dip follations and migmatization zones. In the studied region, mostly on the Brazilian portion, these areas, where the Instability continued, involves a NE-SW macro shear beit, extending Itself from Africa, crossing the northwest of Ceará and continuing south under the sediment of the Parnaiba basin. These directions modify to E-W as they approach the African border at Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast at the border of the Amazonian. Craton reaching a NW-SE direction In the Guiana Shield. Basically, they encompass the northwest of Ceará In the NE-SW direction and the NE-SW strong gravimetric references. The high and medium degree rocks of this region are replaced in the northwest direction by low to medium degree rocks of the São Luis Craton and by the birrimian complex of volcano-sedimentary basins: the NW-SE Tentugai Belt establishes itself discontinually in relation to the NE-SW structures of the northwest belt of Ceará. Area of less expressive width with these same directions are found west of the Amazonlan Craton. There, it would have occurred a wide range of phenomena In terms of deformation processes that reached an expressive granitogenesis and cratonization with Rb/Sr ages with range of 1900-2000 Ma determining, therefore, the period in which these pheneomena ocurred in the Arquean and eariy Proterozoic. Plane and linear elements define geometrically in the various segments analyzed the special positions of the main axis of the ellipsoid of deformation. The general movement along the NE-SW and E-W segmente was dextral, with NW-SE and ENW-SSE secondary sinistrai directions of shear. The prevalling metamorphlc conditions in this period mark the presence of stabilized groups of minerais with inciplent to medium degree in the cratonic domaln, while at the beit the conditions of high degree and anatexia might have occurred for large areas. Such geotectonic matrix has conditioned geologic phenomena occurred in the region. The tectonic stability occurred was followed by the emergent of conditions for the deposition of important platform sequences with start around 1600-1700 Ma (Tarkwaiano, Gorotire, Guelb at Hadid etc.). The unstable conditions reappearred around 800-1000 Ma on a more restricted fashion in terms of their area of influence, and it resulted In the formation of an extensive crusta) mobility zone contouring stabilized cratonic areas in the early Proterozoic responsible by the development of the Farausian, Daomenian, northwest of Ceará, Tentugal, Rockelian, Mauritian and Araguaia belts. The distention processes were more important In the Faruslan Beit with the formation of an ocean crust (Bou Azzer ofiolites - Marrocos) and a continental crust strongiy percolated at the Araguaia Belt. In other areas the distention processes were lesa important. Large scale crustal reworking with total or partial rehomonization of rocke occurs in this region as well as granitogenesis with age around 500-600 Ma. Tardl-kinematic effects expressed through tectonic movements among the narrow linear zones and restrict molasses may have followed all these processes and are represented by the Jalbaras Group, Piriá Formation, Rio das Barreiras Formation, among others, In the early Eon Phanerozoic.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Detecção de mudança e sedimentação no estuário do Rio Coreaú(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-02) RODRIGUES, Suzan Waleska Pequeno; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252The use of new techniques to study the evolution and filling incised valleys has provided, over the years, important results was to understand how the coastal evolution of the Brazilian coastal zone. In this context, this thesis aimed to study the evolution of the estuary Coreaú River, located in the state of Ceará, in different time scales, is "Possible" (months, years), "Engineering" (years, decades) and "Geology" (hundreds, centuries, millennio), proposed by Cowell et al (2003), with the goal to assess whether changes /alterations over the years were significant or not in the estuary. As a result, we obtained the first goal, using remote sensing techniques from image sensor TM, ETM+ and OLI of Landsat 5, 7 and 8 and sensor LISS-3 of satellite ResourceSat-1 from 1985 to 2013, a change minimal in relation to morphological changes along the estuary in the last 28 years (between Possible scales and Engineering), there was an increase in this period of 0.236 km2 (3%) of the area, not bringing significant changes to the estuary. Regarding sedimentation rate, corresponding to the second goal, from the collection of nine witnesses, up to 1m deep and using radionuclídeo 210 Pb along the estuary, we obtained a rate that ranged from 0,33 cm/year 1 cm/year (between scales Geological and Engineering) near the mouth of the estuary, and with a quick sedimentation perceived on the east bank of the river, where there are younger sediments toward the west margin. Regarding the fulfillment, third and final goal from the sampling of testimonials to 18 m depth, using the sampler Rammkernsonden (RKS), profiles and stratigraphic sections that helped understand filling the valley section of the estuary of the Coreaú river were generated and that it is a fluvialmarine estuary, filling the valleys formed in group Barriers in the last 10.000 years before present. These analyzes and results serve as a basis for comparison with other estuaries, either fluvial, fluvio-marine or marine, to better understand what the possible events that dominated sedimentation along the coast of Brazil at diferent scales.