Trabalho infantil: uma análise do discurso de crianças e de adolescentes da Amazônia paraense em condição de trabalho

Abstract

This research focused on the speeches of children and adolescents about child labor in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Belém-PA. The child labor is our research object. We take as reference the Marxian concept of work as an educational principle that, in the context of capitalism, is marked by commodity fetishism. The locus of the research is based in public schools localized in neighborhoods of Terra Firme and Canudos, having children and adolescents assisted by the Bolsa Família Program families. 16 children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years participated to research. We reference historical materialism and the methodology is qualitative approach, the type of discourse analysis. We used as instruments for data collection a set of techniques; the mural work, observation and focus group. The data were organized into explanatory empirical categories of child labor. The theoretical fundamentals about work as an educational principle came from Gramsci and others thinkers in the Marxist camp. In literature review we found very few studies on the speeches of children and adolescents on child labor. The speeches of children and adolescents from Amazon Pará reveal that child labor manifested as a source of suffering, as a social practice that produces estrangement and having pedagogy itself. It is concluded that child labor mold the children and adolescents from Amazon Pará to the capitalism logical, promoting acceptance of capitalist society and as a supposed obstacle to conflict and deliverance of banditry, besides reinforcing the discourse of entrepreneurship.