Capacidade institucional, gestão ambiental descentralizada e sustentabilidade: o caso de Barcarena (PA)

Abstract

Environmental management is a management of conflicting interests where the public sphere has mediation and therefore need to develop a series of organizational attributes. The research analyzed the institutional capacities (manage, financial and participatory) Barcarena municipality in the implementation of environmental policy to assist in building a sustainability project for the local community. The methodology involved the use of direct and indirect documentation techniques, and intensive and extensive direct observation. The theoretical framework, delimited to the prism of the study sustainability as the concept is multidimensional and has a strong appeal discourse that serves the economic interests of the dominant mode of production. It adopted the approach of sustainability anchored on participation, in which sustainability can only be achieved when the public sphere move to confront the neoliberal interests, from the opening of the state apparatus for inclusive participation of society in decisions of environmental policy, mobilizing transparent actions in environmental regulation, while adopting information systems that can effect social control. Whereas environmental management for sustainability is a federal commitment because the municipality is part of a shared and decentralized management system with the federal government, the states and the Federal District, it used theoretical contributions of decentralization of public policies in their size social incorporating the active participation with the assumptions for achieving sustainability. The guiding principle of the approach is given by references linked to enlarged critical theory originated in the Frankfurt School, which explains the preference in the adoption of references linked to Marxism to explain the relationship between sustainability, participation and decentralization. If it pondered that critical theory is also a theoretical alternative to domination of institutional capacity studies that focus on the functionalist approaches, which mostly use neoinstitutionalism main explanatory support. The results reveal that the main obstacle to anchored sustainability in participation is precisely the participatory capacity in environmental management because the government acts in the disruption of mechanisms that can bring the emancipation of the subject insofar as it does not achieve information systems, provides information incomplete, difficult to understand and subordinates participatory instances the interests of management. The capacity manage and financial downtown of the city in chain continuous actions for the future planning of environmental issues, as well as the absence of structural and continuous actions of the Union and the State in environmental planning of the areas under their jurisdictions, which are present in the city, also prevent building a local sustainability project in Barcarena.