A vida flutuante na várzea: readaptação como elemento fundamental para a conservação de recursos aquáticos

Abstract

The world's social environmental crisis requires other forms of society's relationship with nature. More integrated models of Economy and Society to nature have become a challenge. Facing this necessity, look for people who maintain a close relationship with nature even in the context of modernity, may indicate possible ways. The overall goal of this study was to understand how the perception and the relationship between Agua Preta community (Santarém, Para) with aquatic fauna can contribute to management and conservation plans. The specific goals were: 1) to understand the historic construction of the relationship between the Agua Preta community people and the aquatic fauna; (2) to comprehend the starting up of conflicts involving community and the aquatic fauna; (3) to investigate how conflicts involving the aquatic fauna affects the management possibilities; 4) to demonstrate and understand plural values existing on the relation between riverine people and aquatic fauna ; 5) to verify how the plural values existing on the relationship between riverine people and aquatic fauna affects the possible ways of use and management of natural resources; 6) to establish the correlation between the perception and relationship of the Agua Preta comunity residents and the aquatic fauna with local comprehension of development. The methodology was based on the local resident’s perception, through direct observation, open and semi-structured interviews and documental analysis. The results showed that the collective identity of Agua Preta community is a mobile identity that can combine historical social values with the transformations of the scenario where they are living. This kind of identity has implications on the established relation with the aquatic fauna, on the perceptions and on his attributed values, enhancing the values plurality. This plurality is associated to the resilience capacity of the group, but is also associated to the vulnerability increasing, because of the increase empowerment of different interests. On this way, a historically resilient management system would have more and more reduced his capacity of response. In spite of this, the reconstruction of community adaptive capital based on the social memory and the social learning can help this community to recover and reinforce his adaptive way of management and governance of his resources. The conclusion is that the way of living of Agua Preta community can show the way to different forms of development beyond the modernity.