Heidegger e a metafísica do Dasein: o acontecimento irruptivo da transcendência em meio ao ente na totalidade

Abstract

The present study aims to delineate the moments in which the problem of transcendence gets a more precise characterization inside the thought of Martin Heidegger. The idea of surpassing of beings towards Being that continually follows the Dasein in its relations with the beings, that is, transcendence, does not serve to qualify what surpasses the man (God, for example), but really a surpassing of the man himself. When Heidegger, exposing his interpretation of Aristotle's concept of time, says that "time is what is beside-of, it is similarly gives an interpretation and meaning corresponding to the meaning of Being, that is, a transcendental characterization, where it is understood as a "besides". The analytical accompaniment of the concept of transcendence will be exposed in two central moments. First, it will be exposed how this problem appears by the light of the themes of temporality. Heidegger outlines a connection between temporality and transcendence, in that the being-in-the-world is the phenomenon in which originally it is announced how the Dasein is, in essence, besides themselves. Moreover, if we aim to show the rise of the metaphysics of Dasein inside Heidegger's philosophical project, it becomes necessary to understand that the protagonism of the problem of transcendence shows up as one of the keys of this project. In the end, it will be showed up how this "phenomenology of transcendence", finally, it is constituted through the ways of the problems of the foundation and the freedom, trying to show how the metaphysics is a fundamental event in the Dasein.