Projeto de estabilizadores de sistemas elétricos de potência utilizando controle de variância mínima no espaço de estados

Abstract

The use of power system stabilizers is essential for reliable operation of large electrical systems. Most stabilizers in operation are designed using classical control techniques based on linearized power systems models. Although this type of stabilizer presents satisfactory performance for the damping of oscillations inherent in the power system, many studies show that use of adaptive and intelligent control techniques for the synthesis of the control law in these stabilizers can produce even better results. In this work it is investigated the performance of a predictive control strategy, of the minimum variance control type in the state space, GMVSS, applied to the damping of electromechanical oscillations in interconnected power systems. The design procedure is based on the premise that the controller structure is inherited from the design model, where estimated state variables, come into play in the synthesis of a state feedback control law. The complexity of the controller structure is then dictated by the complexity of the design model. This procedure differs from the original transfer function method, GMV, however matching exactly the same results. The most significant contribution of such a strategy is the simplicity of design due to the absence of the Diophantine equation in the procedure. The Diophantine equation is indirectly solved in a natural way by the problem formulation itself, from a Kalman filter obtained from an ARMAX state space representation. Finally, the synthesized control law is applied to the nonlinear system by means of numerical simulations using nonlinear models of the system, evaluating the characteristics of robustness and performance of the proposed controller via sensitivity functions, Nyquist diagram, poles and zeros map and performance indexes for the entire operating range. The results show that the predictive stabilizer is able to contribute positively to the damping of the most problematic oscillation modes, thus increasing the stability limits of the power system.