Estoques de carbono em sistemas agroflorestais de cacaueiro como subsídios a políticas de serviços ambientais

Abstract

Cocoa Agroflorestry Systems (AFS) of the BR-230 road in addition to being an alternative to the recovery of deforested and degraded areas of the Amazon are able to integrate forest and agriculture providing environmental services such as the maintenance of biodiversity, the water cycle and the carbon stocks. However, the economic logic of market of cocoa does not take into consideration the market failures, especially not internalize the positive externalities of environmental services, mainly cocoa Agroforestry systems carbon of the BR-230 road. Therefore, the farmer is not compensated for this effort in maintaining the environmental service carbon in your activity. Thus, in this paper we present a compensation mechanism with a methodology for the REDD to productive activities from the study of the Marginal Private Cost and Marginal Private Benefit of the cocoa market in the Satate of Pará, using parameters of the productive activity of cocoa AFSs of the BR-230 road, as the Carbon stocked in time to compose the Socioenvironmental Benefit. This Socioenvironmental Benefit is composed by the Productivity of the activity, the value of Carbon Stocked and primarily by the Carbon Stocked in time of cocoa AFSs for a period of thirty years. As a result of the study we have the the Socioenvironmental Benefit tool to solve the problems of market failure for the deployment of REDD to the farmers of AFS, this compensation mechanism is based on a Positive Socioenvironmental Externality policy justified by Pigouviana Tax. Therefore, the compensation mechanism presents a vision of integration between the social, economic and environmental dimensions as different logic to farmers of AFSs of transamazonian highway that promotes benefits for conservation and preservation without deforestation and without degradation to which the farmer to keep perpetuating the conservation allowing an increase in income of farmers in the period where there is greater activity cost and no revenue return and in the last years as a form of investment for a renewal of the area in use with a new planting or maintenance of an old area or new area deployment of AFS. Thus, this compensation mechanism is an important factor in the financing of a new development model of Amazon with a REDD policy.