Vulnerabilidade social à inundação no perímetro urbano do município de Muaná, Marajó, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

River floods are considered a natural disaster that conforms as an extremely devastating natural hazard, as they cause great losses and deaths every year, and affect the poorest populations more severely due to their vulnerability to this event. One of the ways to prevent and mitigate this type of disaster, as well as to assist in planning actions, is to evaluate the vulnerability (environmental and social) of locations to this event. This study assessed the vulnerability based on socioeconomic indicators (population density, income, age, substandard occupation and education) of the population that occupies the flood areas in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Muaná, Marajó, Pará. To this end, indicators were defined, sources of socioeconomic information were obtained and fieldwork was carried out to assess and record the areas. The census sectors, which comprise the limit of the urban perimeter, were defined as the area for assessing social indicators. The mapping of areas susceptible to flooding was prepared using the HAND MODEL, with the aim of presenting an overlap with the social vulnerability map. This analysis resulted in a map that presents the social vulnerability classification of each census sector, where more than 70% were classified as Very Vulnerable, 3 sectors were classified as vulnerable, 2 sectors as moderately vulnerable, 1 sector as less vulnerable and 1 as very slightly vulnerable. This work constructed the technical product, entitled Social Vulnerability Map of the Urban Perimeter of the municipality of Muaná-PA, with the aim of supporting policies that reduce vulnerability, such as territorial rearrangement, a key point for reducing and exposing to the risk of flooding, as it presents the most vulnerable areas that can be the venue of these actions.