Análise de rede de distribuição real utilizando microrredes e tecnologias v2g: uma abordagem baseada na resposta à demanda

Abstract

The transition to a more sustainable energy system requires innovative solutions for the integration of renewable energy sources and distributed storage technologies. This master's thesis aims to explore advances in smart grids through the implementation of microgrids and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies, based on the results of international academic studies authored by the researcher. Although there is significant scientific output on these solutions, most of the literature is concentrated in foreign contexts whose infrastructure and socioeconomic realities differ substantially from the Brazilian scenario, revealing a gap regarding the regional adaptation and applicability of such technologies. Accordingly, the first study addresses the integration of microgrids into the distribution network of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), demonstrating the benefits of demand-side management, loss reduction, and islanded operation using hybrid resources such as photovoltaic systems and batteries. The methodology included simulations using the OpenDSS software to evaluate different load scenarios, highlighting significant reductions in contracted demand and improvements in energy efficiency. The second study, also based on UFPA’s electrical network, focuses on the application of V2G for demand response optimization, with electric vehicles functioning as mobile energy storage units. Two scenarios were analyzed: vehicle discharging during peak hours to reduce energy costs and the management of contracted demand through intelligent charging and discharging strategies. The results showed considerable reductions in operational costs and enhanced voltage stability across the network. Both studies converge on the importance of integrating distributed energy resources and emerging technologies in the development of smart grids. Therefore, this work proposes to consolidate and expand these analyses, offering a comprehensive view of the technical and economic impacts of such solutions within the context of Brazilian distribution networks, with the objective of presenting models that reconcile sustainability, resilience, and economic feasibility in the energy sector.