As multi-ameaças no município de Barcarena-PA: análise temporo-espacial das transformações na paisagem (2000–2021)

Abstract

Multi-hazards are defined as the overlap of different types of threats, both natural and technological, that interact within the same territory. These hazards occur in a dynamic Amazonian estuarine landscape, where physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors are interrelated. The study area corresponds to the municipality of Barcarena, in the state of Pará. Since the intensification of industrial development, the municipality has faced challenges related to socio-environmental disasters. The adopted method is hypothetical-deductive, with a systemic approach and a holistic view, involving spatial analysis, fieldwork, and integrated landscape analysis, grounded in the theoretical-methodological frameworks of landscape geoecology and multi-hazard assessment. Multi-hazards have been recorded since 2000, starting with the sinking of the Miss Rondônia barge. In the following years, events such as erosion, landslides, and floods occurred, mainly in the districts of Ilhas, Sede, and Vila do Conde, while waste leaks, oil spills, and soot emissions have been concentrated in the industrial hubs of Vila do Conde and Murucupi. Eleven landscape units were identified in Barcarena, including floodplains, fluvio-marine terraces, Pará uplands ("tabuleiros"), and urban-industrial complexes. Floodplains and terraces, characterized by flat relief and gleyic and latosolic soils, are more susceptible to flooding and erosion. The uplands present varied relief and mixed land use, while the urban and industrial complexes concentrate technological hazards, such as waste spills and environmental contamination. Therefore, landscape compartmentalization aims to support environmental management and territorial planning, contributing to the mitigation of socio-environmental threats in the municipality.