Desempenho energético em edificações públicas: diagnóstico e transformação em edificação de energia quase zero

Abstract

Sustainable development seeks to balance environmental, economic, and social factors in a way that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. Actions aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enable the promotion of significant structural changes. In this context, the building sector plays a leading role, being responsible for a significant share of final energy consumption in the country. In view of this scenario, it becomes necessary to implement energy efficiency measures to reduce energy consumption and improve environmental comfort in buildings. Energy labeling through the Brazilian Labeling Program for Buildings (PBE Edifica) is one of the strategies used to achieve efficiency levels in buildings. Additionally, the Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) concept emerges as a promising strategy to accelerate the decarbonization of the sector, directly aligning with national and global climate goals. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of a public building to classify its energy efficiency level, using the thermal-energy simulation method based on INI-C 2022. After identifying appropriate Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), the design of a photovoltaic system is addressed to supply the remaining energy demand, with the goal of converting the building into an NZEB. The implementation of the EEMs resulted in a 56.74% reduction in annual energy consumption (161,415.99 kWh) compared to the actual building. The photovoltaic system enabled a 100% reduction of the remaining annual demand with a 154.33 kWp system. The EEMs contributed not only to reduced annual consumption but also to improved indoor comfort. Thus, this approach directly supports SDGs 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 13 (Climate Action).