A influência da flora na qualidade da própolis produzida por Apis Mellifera em áreas de capoeira no município de Ourém, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

The chemical composition of propolis shows that this raw material is variable not only due to the variability of plant sources, but also depending on the bee species, lighting, altitude, and food availability. In this context, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the physicochemical composition of propolis produced in apiaries in the municipality of Ourém/PA located in areas of scrubland (secondary forest). Samples were collected from 5 apiaries of the company Ouremmel, located in areas known as Riacho, Raspadeira, Limão, Puraquequarinha, and the area of Mr. Luís. Collections were carried out once a month for 12 months (from August to December 2023 and from January to July 2024), using a plastic net of the shade cloth type installed below the hive lid as a collector. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were evaluated according to total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and total flavanones (TT). For the analysis of the landscape and land cover, satellite images of the areas surrounding the beehives were analyzed, considering a radius of 1000m from the center of each hive, investigating land use and conducting a botanical survey of the most abundant and frequent species. The results demonstrated that the composition of total flavonoids in propolis shows significant spatial and temporal variability, influenced by various environmental, phenological, and anthropogenic factors. The analyses conducted in the five beehives revealed distinct patterns, reflecting the floristic diversity and ecological specificities of each location.