Crianças em acolhimento institucional e as estratégias para a reinserção familiar

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the process of family reintegration of children from zero to seven years who were hosted at an institution from June 2015 to July 2016, in the city of Belém / Pa. For that, the biosociodemographic profile of the children received and the families of the children who were reinserted to the home of origin was described. The strategies used by the institution in the reintegration process were identified. To collect data, the child's characterization form and the family reintegration form were used, through documentary research. Data were analyzed quantitatively through descriptive statistics. About the main results: 52 medical records were analyzed, 17 of them of children reinserted to the family of origin. Regarding the profile of the children, the majority were male (59.6%). Children in the age group 0 - 2 years were the majority in the institution (36.1%). Regarding schooling, it was identified that this practice does not apply to half of those received (50%). On the natural level, the public of Paraense predominated in the institution (92.3%). Among the children who had a civil registry (88.5%), a significant percentage (63.5%) did not have the father's name in the registry. Regarding the children's housing conditions, a high percentage of variables with no recorded information was identified. The main reasons were: family neglect (46.2%), abandonment by parents and / or guardians (38.5%), other reasons (23.1%), street situation (19.2% ), parents and / or dependents (17.3%) and poverty and / or vulnerability (15.4%). About the institutional process, almost all had a host guide (98.1%) and PIA (82.7%). Half of the children had a sibling group in the same institution (50%) and a large part were in the first group (61.5%). Regarding the family visit, the majority received (80.8%), the mother visited the most (48.1%) more than twice a week (32.6%). Regarding the family profile, the data were practically absent in the medical records. As for age, they are between 32 and 60 years old. About housing, most have their own residence (53.8%). The monthly income varies between 1⁄2 to 1 minimum wage (46.1%). With regard to family reintegration, before the children were accepted, they lived with the nuclear family (35.3%) and with the extended family (35.3%). The main caregivers were mother and father (35.3%) and mother with other relatives (29.5%). After the reception, the children started living with the extended family (76.4%) and were disconnected mainly for the maternal grandmothers (41.1%). The main strategies used by the technical team were: inclusion in family support programs, financial assistance programs, home visits, psychological counseling, referral for medical care and other services. The results indicate that there is an urgent need to produce more studies, especially qualitative ones, that approach the reinsertion process in order to contribute to the reflection of the practice of the host institutions and to the improvement of public policies.