Criminalidade e urbanização: estudo das relações espaciais e multivariada dos crimes de tráfico de drogas e homicídio

Abstract

Studies on urban violence have been conducted in Brazil seeking to find correlations and significant associations between homicide rates and social and economic indicators. These studies are often used as the unit of analysis official administrative divisions: regions, states, municipalities and neighborhoods. However, it has been quite simple challenge of finding empirical evidence about the relationship positive relationship between socioeconomic phenomena and homicide rates in intraurban level. In this sense this work aims to study the spatial relationships and multivariate crimes drug trafficking and homicide and urbanization of the municipality of Belém-PA. Initially applied to the statistical analysis descriptive to show the rates of trafficking crimes drugs and homicides in the neighborhoods of Belém was then applied to multivariate statistical technique factor analysis, which allowed estimate the factor scores, from which we could build the urbanization quality index (UQI) based on indicators socioeconomic and environmental city of Belém, allowing classification of neighborhoods in poor, poor, fair, good or excellent, according to the attributes of each neighborhood. Then in possession of urbanization rate and rates of drug and homicides we could submit these data to statistical technique multivariate correspondence analysis, whose goal was determine the level of correlation (positive or negative association) between these variables. Thus, among the main results it was observed that neighborhoods with low urbanization are associated with moderate or high rate of drug and high homicide rate. Districts with high urbanization are associated with a low rate of drug trafficking and low rate homicides. Like, neighborhoods with low rates of trafficking drugs have low homicide rate and neighborhoods with high rates of drug trafficking have high homicide rate in the city of Belém.