Identificação do risco de suscetibilidade erosiva na zona costeira da ilha de Caratateua, Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

The form of Organization of the population has modified a significant part of the environmental aspects, such as coastal areas. The island of Caratateua, a district belonging to the municipality of Belém, represents one of these with erosion risks, since it deals with the lack of Environmental Management, and urban planning, in a considerable part of the island, resulting in greater pressure on the soil and causing environmental impacts of significant magnitude in the long term. Conserving the dynamics of the coastline is essential to ensure the positive sedimentary balance, ensuring socio-environmental quality. Disordered processes of land use and occupation accelerate degradation regimes, which are reflected in water, soil and forest resources. Because of this, identifying and mapping erosion-friendly environments is critical to coastal management. The GIS-Geographic Information System used in this research represents an effective support and Analysis tool for vulnerable areas in different spatial magnitudes. This research presents an analysis with the mapping of areas vulnerable to erosion from the hierarchical process analysis-AHP. It also scales the impact of different conditions that influence this problem, as well as its importance in the development of a high accuracy mapping for regions with erosive potential. For this research, three key conditions were considered in the vulnerability factor: land use and cover change, pedology and slope. There were erosive susceptibility points with medium magnitude and several high points throughout the coastal zone. As for the slope, the presence of a terrain with mostly gently undulating and with undulating spots; for pedology, considerable patches of Ferrihumiluvic Spodosol, dystrophic Haplic Gleisol and tiny patches of dystrophic yellow Latosol in urban occupation zones. These findings, given the response of geological and morphological indices, can prove that the coastal zone has high environmental vulnerability which needs to be minimized. The study will be of paramount importance to outline the environmental management of the island.