Rupturas do tempo, da natureza e da vida: crise climática e reprodução social nas comunidades do Distrito do Mocambo, Parintins (AM)

Abstract

The climate crisis, understood as an expression of the metabolic rupture between society and nature produced by the expansion of the capitalist mode of production, has intensified in recent decades and manifests itself in a particularly sensitive way in the Amazon. There, changes in rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and more severe droughts reveal transformations in natural systems, directly impacting communities that depend on river dynamics. Thus, the main objective of this research was to analyze how the climate crisis has been reconfiguring the hydroclimatic cycles of the Amazon and altering the temporal, material, and symbolic frameworks that structure the lives of riverine communities, with a focus on the communities of the Mocambo do Arari District, in the municipality of Parintins, Amazonas. To achieve this objective, a qualitative-quantitative approach was adopted, grounded in a critical and interdisciplinary perspective, combining literature review, document analysis, and fieldwork, including direct observation and semi-structured interviews with residents of riverine communities. The results showed that the climate crisis has caused significant changes in the cycles of floods and low-water periods, which have historically guided the productive calendar and social organization of these populations. More intense and prolonged droughts, associated with irregular rainfall and declining river levels, have affected productive activities such as fishing and floodplain agriculture, in addition to compromising mobility and access to natural resources. The research also revealed that these transformations affect not only the material dimension of riverine life, but also the temporal and symbolic references that structure the relationship between communities, the river, and nature, generating perceptions of uncertainty in the face of environmental changes. Finally, it is concluded that the climate crisis in the Amazon goes beyond the environmental dimension, constituting a social, territorial, and symbolic crisis that reshapes ways of life and traditional knowledge.