Composição da assembleia de anuros em área de manejo florestal na Amazônia oriental

Abstract

The reduction of biodiversity has awakened efforts by ecologists, conservationists and society in general to understand the effects of economic activities on its losses. This study evaluates the effect of reduced impact forest management, an economic activity seen as allied to Biodiversity conservation, on the composition of the anuran assemblage and the effects of the environments created by the management and the post-exploitation time on the anuran assemblage. For that, the effects of the type of phytophysiognomy, and time of exploration of the forest management were analyzed. The study was carried out in the Amazon region of Pará, in the management unit of Fazenda Uberlândia, in the municipality of Portel. Field data collection took place in the middle of the period with the highest rainfall (February to March 2021), with sampling in 84 linear transects (25m), at least 500 m apart. The time elapsed since logging was from one to six years, and seventeen years. We analyzed four types of environment, which were formed as a result of each of the environments: average litter height, temperature, humidity and amount of light. First, we performed a spatial autocorrelation test using Moran's I index. We analyzed the data from an nMDS and with the scores of the first axis generated by the nMDS, we performed an ANOVA vs. type of management environment, we also carried out an a posteriori Tukey test, to exemplify in which environments the significant differences were. In addition, we performed another ANOVA to verify significant differences in species richness between environments. The impacts of exploration resulted in changes in the landscape, transforming forested areas into a mosaic of modified habitats rich in artificial puddles. Our results indicate that the species that use lotic water bodies dominated in patio environments and secondary roads where there is greater water deposit. This process can be beneficial for the assemblage in the short term, given that the first years present the most significant effects of management, but this result can have a homogenizing effect, making the composition of the fauna, which at first was rich in forestry specialists, in species more adapted to more open environments and thus reducing local functional diversity. of the exploration, patio, secondary road, trailing branch and forest. In each transect, four environmental variables were collected in order to describe the structural characteristics