Estudo da vulnerabilidade natural do aquífero utilizado como manancial subterrâneo no Distrito de Icoaraci

Abstract

The groundwater are presented as an extremely important natural resource for human supply, however, due to anthropic activities, the underground springs presents great risks in situ are factors that could damage groundwater, taking an high contaminant load to them, so it’s understood that the vulnerability is the susceptibility of goundwaters to be affected by these contaminant loads from anthropic origin, given as a function of their ease to transpose the unsaturated zone of the soil, changing their characteristics and having a great socioenvironmental relevance. Thus, this present work uses the GOD method, which takes in consideration three parameters from groundwater characteristics: confinement degree, the subsurface lithology, and the groundwater depth. This methodology was applied for the study of natural vulnerability of groundwaters in the district of Icoaraci. The data collection was given through consultations to the Sanitation Company of the State of Pará database. For the method, maps of hydraulic confinement degree, occurrence of lithological substrate and depth or distance of the groundwater level were generated. The map resulting from this process presented four classes: insignificant, low, medium and high, with 64% of the área classified as medium vulnerability and 16% as insignificant, as this method does not consider the human occupation. The groundwater study that takes in consideration the natural vulnerability, such as the use of the GOD method, must be a fundamental point in the planning for the implementation of groundwater abstraction for public supply and sewage collection and treatment purposes, contributing as a tool for the planning and better management of the Sanitation Company of the State of Pará.