Biopolítica, tanatopolítica e necropolítica: revisão integrativa de literatura (RIL) dos estudos sobre genocídio negro no Brasil

Abstract

The aims of this study is to examine how concepts and authors related to bio/thanato/necropolitics are incorporated in studies on black genocide in Brazil. The chosen methodology is an Integrative Literature Review (ILR), which involved the selection of 110 theses and dissertations from the Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações, as well as 176 scientific articles from the Portal de Periódicos CAPES. These sources were indexed using the descriptors "black genocide" and "black extermination." A meticulous analysis of these works was conducted, categorizing them based on predetermined quality criteria that considered their relevance to the theme of genocide against the Brazilian black population, as well as their utilization of the concepts of "biopolitics," "thanatopolitics," and "necropolitics," and their engagement with philosophers such as Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Achille Mbembe.To comprehensively address the research topic, the initial focus was on introducing the theme of the study, specifically highlighting the genocide of the black population in Brazil. The research methodology employed was described through the presentation of the protocol for conducting an Integrative Literature Review (ILR) on the subject of black genocide in Brazil, outlining the five distinct stages of the research process.Subsequently, the study analyzed the evolution of the concept of biopolitics within Michel Foucault's theoretical framework, as well as its reception and application in Brazilian studies on the extermination of black populations. The following section explored the development of Giorgio Agamben's concept of "thanatopolitics" in relation to biopolitics and examined its reception and application in Brazilian studies addressing the genocide of black populations within the country's context. In the fourth part of the research, it was analyzed the concept of "necropolitics" by Achille Mbembe and the reception of this concept in Brazilian studies addressing the issue of black genocide. Ultimately, the research findings confirmed the hypothesis that studies on black genocide selectively employ concepts associated with "biopolitics," often combining Michel Foucault's theory with Achille Mbembe's framework to address the extermination of the black population in Brazil. However, Giorgio Agamben's theory did not receive the same reception in the referred studies, when compared to the two previous authors.