Associação entre recuperação, comportamento de sono e as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout em paratletas: um estudo transversal

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Research on burnout syndrome in athletes raises debates about psychological aspects in sports. This syndrome, which has a multifactorial origin, manifests itself in several dimensions: physical and emotional exhaustion (PEE), reduced sense of sport performance (RSP), and sport devaluation (SDE). In sports, the demands require recovery to restore depleted resources, and the absence or insufficiency of this process is seen as a precursor to burnout syndrome. In parasports, there are additional challenges, such as high injury rates, sleep disorders, and mental health issues. In this sense, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge regarding sports psychology in the context of parasports, such as the identification of burnout indicators in para-athletes, alongside recovery strategies and sleep behavior in these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between recovery dimensions and burnout syndrome dimensions in para-athletes; to investigate the association between sleep behavior and burnout syndrome dimensions in para-athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Fifty-five male para- athletes participated in the study, with an average age of 37 ± 9 years, practicing the following modalities: sitting volleyball (65.45%) and wheelchair rugby (34.54%). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the following instruments: Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), and Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire. Linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between the RESTQ-Sport components, sleep behavior, and burnout dimensions. Analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 27.0, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: When analyzing the association between the RESTQ-Sport dimensions and burnout dimensions, the results showed significant associations in the models of PEE (F[4, 50]= 3.648, p= 0.01; adjusted R2= 0.16), SD (F[4, 50]= 4.135, p< 0.00; R2= 0.18), and total burnout (F[4, 50]= 4.943, p< 0.00; R2= 0.22), but there was no significance concerning RSA (F[4, 50]= 1.695, p= 0.16; R2= 0.04). Additionally, the results of the association between sleep behavior and burnout indicated that sleep behavior explained 10% of the variation in PEE (F[1, 53]= 7.547; p= 0.008; adjusted R2= 0.108), while the dimensions of SDE (F[1, 53]= 0.445; p= 0.508; adjusted R2= -0.01), RSA (F[1, 53]= 0.469; p= 0.497; adjusted R2= -0.01), and total burnout (F[1, 53]= 3.148; p= 0.082; adjusted R2= 0.038) did not show significance. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the importance of proper stress management, recovery processes, and sleep in preventing burnout in para-athletes, suggesting that intervention strategies aimed at improving overall well-being and promoting adequate sleep may be effective in reducing burnout risk and enhancing athletic performance in these athletes.