Descarbonização na UFPA: uma análise do projeto SIMA com aproveitamento de crédito de carbono

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the contribution of the SIMA Project (Intelligent System for Efficient Multimodal Electric Mobility Management), implemented at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), to the decarbonization of the energy sector within the institutional context. The research is framed within the scope of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which promotes access to clean, affordable, and sustainable energy, and considers energy transition as a fundamental premise for the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through a theoretical review covering the concepts of SDGs, energy transition, decarbonization, and the carbon market, this study explores the potential of photovoltaic systems as an efficient method for decarbonization. The SIMA Project integrates various sustainable technological solutions, such as the installation of photovoltaic panels for energy generation, battery banks, charging stations, electric land and water vehicles, and an intelligent monitoring system. The energy generated from renewable sources is used to power the electric mobility systems operating on the UFPA campus, promoting the replacement of fossil fuel-powered vehicles. The research methodology involves both qualitative and quantitative analyses of operational system data, focusing on estimating the emissions avoided due to fleet electrification and the use of solar energy. Emission factors established by international bodies, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program, are employed, along with technical data related to average diesel consumption of the replaced vehicles, distances traveled, efficiency of electric vehicles, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems. Based on these data, the volume of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions avoided by operating electric cars instead of conventional vehicles is quantified. From this estimate, the possibility of converting the achieved decarbonization into carbon credits is discussed, following methodologies recognized by both voluntary and regulated carbon markets. This opens pathways for financing strategies and environmental valuation of institutional initiatives. The results demonstrate that integrating clean energy generation, intelligent management, and electric mobility holds significant potential for decarbonization. Such a model could be replicated in other public and private institutions, contributing to sustainability policies and emission reductions in the energy sector. The dissertation reinforces the role of universities as strategic spaces for the implementation of innovative low-carbon solutions, promoting the energy transition in alignment with global climate commitments.