Sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento como ferramenta de prevenção de risco: mapeamento de áreas suscetíveis à inundação em municípios paraenses

Abstract

Flooding is a hydrological disaster that affects thousands of people around the world every year. When dealing with the situation of municipalities in Pará in the face of flooding, it is possible to identify that it is a problem that affects several municipalities, there are 3,021 floodable stretches in Pará. This scenario emphasizes the importance of risk management and the need for investments in prevention measures in relation to flooding. Given this scenario, remote sensing and geoprocessing emerge as an alternative for identifying areas susceptible to flooding and can help public managers create prevention measures in relation to disasters. The present work aimed to use the Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) model to map areas susceptible to flooding in municipalities in Pará using free secondary data and free tools. The aforementioned methodology consists of using a digital elevation model (MDT) with the intention of normalizing the terrain altimetry based on transport elevations. The method uses the difference between the terrain altitude and the channel altitude to predict the degree of susceptibility to flooding. The municipalities mapped were Porto de Moz, which already has a risk sectorization map produced by the Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM) and the other municipality was Anajás, which does not yet have mapping of areas susceptible to flooding. The results obtained through HAND for the municipality of Porto de Moz were positive, as comparisons with products generated by CPRM demonstrated similarities with points of susceptibility to flooding identified in both mappings. Therefore, the method was applied in the municipality of Anajás, generating the flood susceptibility map for the urban area, where it was found that 55.1% of the urban area of Anajás is highly susceptible to flooding and through the insertion of census data from the year 2022 on the map produced, it was possible to observe that 90% of teaching institutions and health establishments are in areas of high susceptibility to flooding. The results achieved indicate that remote sensing and geoprocessing are tools that positively improve risk management, enabling the identification of areas most prone to flooding, facilitating the creation of prevention plans by competent public bodies, always requiring investments are made in the qualification of public servants and quality equipment to achieve the potential of these maximum tools.