Análise dos impactos dos eventos extremos de precipitação e nível da maré na cidade de Belém: estratégias para criação de limiares de alerta para alagamentos

Abstract

The problem of flooding in large cities is frequent and causes various disturbances to the population, such as material damage, health risks, and loss of lives. In Belém, the capital of Pará, it is no different, and in recent decades, the city has often been affected by flooding events associated with extreme rainfall. This study aims to identify areas in the city of Belém that have the highest flood risks and to propose alert thresholds based on geographical characteristics, extreme rainfall events, and tide levels in Belém. The research was conducted in an exploratory documentary manner, with quantitative approaches involving the treatment of statistical data, and qualitative approaches characterizing the regions with the greatest vulnerabilities to flooding based on the hypsometry of the hydrographic basins. The city's rainfall was studied based on pluviometric data from the INMET automatic and conventional meteorological stations, and tide level data were obtained from measurements taken by the Brazilian Navy. The relationship between flooding occurrences in the city is linked to rainfall, tide level, and the lowest elevations, where just the high tide level is enough to cause flooding in some parts of the city. The result of this dissertation is the mapping of the hydrographic basins of Belém with the urban road network, indicating the most vulnerable areas (lowest elevations) and information on historical extreme rainfall events, to assist public agents in decision-making for urban planning and future interventions.