Análise da vulnerabilidade natural à perda do solo da bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim - Nordeste Paraense

Abstract

The northeast of Pará is one of the oldest occupied areas in the Amazon region, which suffers from a disordered occupation process and human activities. The object of this research, the Marapanim River Hydrographic Basin (BHRM) has 2442.07 km² and is located in this region which, consequently, presents the same problems regarding environmental conditions. In this context, this research aimed to calculate the natural vulnerability to soil loss of the BHRM and generate its vulnerability map to soil loss. The methodology was based on the Crepani scales for vulnerability of criteria/factors. Five vulnerability maps of the following criteria/factors were used: geology, geomorphology, precipitation, land use and pedology; to calculate the vulnerability of BHRM, which presented a small imbalance since 16.59% of its area was considered “Stable” and 29.27% “Moderately Stable”, totaling 46.27%; while the areas with vulnerability “Stable/Vulnerable”, “Moderately Vulnerable” and “Vulnerable” total 53.25% of the BHRM area. The map generated from this research makes it possible to identify the areas and their respective vulnerabilities within the BHRM, thus being a great tool for planning and managing the basin. However, the lack of higher quality data is an obstacle that interferes with the quality of products from this type of research, which is carried out in one of the oldest areas of occupation in the Amazon.