Aspectos da pesca artesanal nas comunidades de Bacuriteua, Camará e Sossego em Marapanim (PA): mudanças e continuidades

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal aspects of artisanal fishing practiced by artisanal fishermen and women who live in three fishing communities located in the municipality of Marapanim, coastal region of the state of Pará. The objective was to identify processes that resulted in changes in this activity, identifying resilience strategies that allow continuity in fishing practices. To this end, we sought to identify the characteristics of fishing territories, the types of environments where fishing is carried out, the main techniques used in the past and which are continued in the present; the factors that contributed to changes and the strategies adopted by fishermen to continue this activity. The analysis used concepts such as tradition, modernization and change, and dialogues with theoretical references that debate change, continuity and injunctions in fishing activities. The methodology used consisted of carrying out research to obtain qualitative information, using ethnographic techniques that included participant observation in collaboration with fishermen from three communities, taken as reference for the case study: Bacuriteua, Camará and Quiet. In addition, a field trip was carried out between July and August 2022, as well as interviews via the social network WhatsApp and telephone calls. It is noteworthy that this remote stage extended from August 2023 to February 2024. The research identified tensions between fishing on an industrial and artisanal scale in local fishing activity. The results achieved indicate that changes in the environment such as the filling of rivers and pressure from fishing on a commercial scale affected the stocks of target species for artisanal fishing, making fixed capture techniques, such as corrals, inefficient; and the difficulty of fishing in areas far from beaches and in the estuary affects production capacity and, consequently, the income of fishermen. In this sense, as one of the resilience strategies, the research identified the creation of the Mestre Lucindo Marine Extractive Reserve, in the municipality of Marapanim.