Avaliação do polimorfismo genético das apolipoproteínas A1 e A5 em pacientes HIV positivos com síndrome lipodistrófica no estado do Pará

Abstract

Introducion: Dyslipidemia is one of the metabolic changes caused by using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV patients with lipodystrophy syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the genetic polymorphisms of apolipoproteins A1 and A5 in HIV patients with lipodystrophy in use of antiretroviral therapy and its association with dyslipidemia. Methods: It´s a cross-sectional and analytical study. We used a research protocol which studied conditions sociodemographic, clinical risk factors (physical activity, smoking, drinking, food frequency) for dyslipidemia, and biochemical assessment of the apolipoproteins A1 and A5 polymorphisms. Results: Of the 105 HIV-positive patients studied, 63.8% were men, mean age of 44.5 (± 9.4) years, 70.5% reported being single and having a family income of up to three minimum wages (77,1%). The risk factors were: smoking (21%), alcohol use (43.8%), physical inactivity (69.5%), diabetes mellitus (16.2%), overweight (22.9%) and cardiovascular risk (39.1%). The most prevalent form of lipodystrophy syndrome was mixed (51.4%). Food frequency intake observed of fruits (60.8%) and vegetables (36.3%), milk and dairy products (75%) were daily. While candy and sweets (31.4%), sausages (11.7%) and fatty snacks (26.4%) were more than twice a week. And the habit of eating meat with fat apparent was common (56.9%). The observed dyslipidemia classification revealed most patients with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (30.5%) and mixed hyperlipidemia (32.4%). It was observed that the isolated hypertriglyceridemia associated with the apolipoprotein A5 gene (rs3135506, rs619054 and rs662799), and not being influenced by clinical forms of lipoatrophy. There was no presence of the apolipoprotein A1 polymorphism (Lys107-0must2) in the patients studied. Conclusion: The main factors for hypertriglyceridemia were being man and had apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms (rs3135506, rs619054 and rs662799).