Comunidades quilombolas amazônicas e a pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo de caso de Mangueiras e Salvá, em Salvaterra, na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Abstract

This study investigated the challenges faced by the quilombola communities of Mangueiras and Salvá, located on Marajó Island, Pará State, in the Brazilian Amazon. The research focused on socioeconomic vulnerability and the lack of access to basic sanitation and healthcare services; conditions exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, using a multiple case study strategy based on fieldwork that included semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and audiovisual records. Data analysis combined statistical tools, content analysis, and the IRAMUTEQ software. The study also assessed social determinants of health (SDH) in both communities through the MANSAL model and the SWOT matrix methodology. Participants included community leaders, residents, and local representatives from cultural, educational, health, and pajelança (traditional healing) groups. Results indicated that historical vulnerabilities were intensified during the pandemic due to limited access to formal healthcare, with scarce medical services and infrastructure. Medicinal plants and herbs were used as alternative means for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. The findings highlight the need for future research addressing the postCOVID period and exploring new dimensions to foster relevant dialogues for these populations and the scientific community.