Duodenostomia guiada por laparoscopia: estudo experimental em cadáveres de fetos bovinos

Abstract

This study aimed to describe and standardize a minimally invasive laparoscopy-guided duodenostomy technique using bovine fetal cadavers obtained from accidental slaughter. Video-assisted surgery has become established in veterinary medicine for production animals, offering several advantages that promote animal welfare. The duodenum, due to its importance in digestion and regulation of food transit, constitutes a strategic structure for laparoscopic interventions, although specific technical descriptions are scarce in the literature. The procedure was performed on eight bovine fetal cadavers estimated to be between seven and nine months old, respecting the ethical principles of the 3Rs. Three access ports for the laparoscope and forceps were used. The technique consisted of identifying and retracting the duodenum, opening the duodenal wall, inserting a Foley catheter, and securing it to the abdominal wall by duodenopexy with specific sutures. The results indicated that the anatomical development of the duodenum was compatible with that of neonates, enabling the technique to be performed. The mean surgical time was 55 minutes, with a progressive reduction across the trials, indicating a characteristic learning curve. The technique proved feasible and safe in the experimental model, reinforcing the potential of laparoscopy in minimally invasive procedures in the digestive tract of ruminants. However, the use of cadavers did not allow assessment of functional, inflammatory, or healing aspects. Therefore, future studies in live animals are essential to validate clinical applicability and to asses possible complications, recovery time, and the impact on animal productivity and welfare.