Análise numérica de estruturas planares baseadas em cristais fotônicos para aplicações em circuitos integra

Abstract

In this work, the concept of two-dimensional photonic crystals was used for the design, numerical simulations and analysis of the proposed planar structures for applications in photonic integrated circuits. The proposed devices consist of: an all-optical logic gate (NAND gate), in addition to two graphene-based wavelength routers, of the type 2 × 2 (2 ×2 λ-router) and 4 × 4 (4 ×4 λ-router). These all-optical structures are composed of photonic crystal ring resonators, consisting of silicon dielectric rods in air. The plane wave expansion method and the finite-difference time-domain method are used to analyze the structures. The plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the photonic band gap for the structures, which is 0.320267−0.3924 (a/λ) for the all-optical logic gate, and 0.330944−0.396419 (a/λ) for the all-optical routers. The two proposed periodic structures are implemented using operating wavelengths spanning the C, L and U bands. The performance of the proposed structures is analyzed by means of the following parameters: footprint, output power, contrast ratio, insertion loss, quality factor, response time, bit rate and crosstalk. The numerical results of the simulations show that the proposed structures are suitable for the design of ultrafast digital optical circuits, featuring high transmission power, low power consumption, a clear operating principle and a simple design. Furthermore, the proposed structures have a smaller size when compared to other structures, presenting a footprint of approximately 119.58 µm2, thus contributing to increase the integration density of miniaturized and high-performance components for various applications in photonic integrated circuits.