Uso de recursos energéticos distribuídos integrados com a rede elétrica: estudo de caso do sistema de mobilidade elétrica na Amazônia

Abstract

This doctoral thesis investigates the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) with the electrical grid in the Amazonian context through the empirical analysis of a real-world multimodal electric mobility system implemented at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). The system, named SIMA (Intelligent Multimodal System of the Amazon), combines photovoltaic generation (both grid-connected and off-grid), energy storage systems, land and river electric vehicles, charging stations, and a digital monitoring infrastructure. Adopting a systemic and application-oriented approach, the main objective is to assess the integrated energy performance of these subsystems under different operational and climatic scenarios specific to the Amazon region. Based on real operational data, digital tools and technical indicators were developed to enable real-time monitoring, energy balancing, and the evaluation of efficiency and self-sufficiency. These tools were designed with a focus on interoperability, ensuring compatibility with various types, models, and manufacturers of equipment used in the system, thus facilitating integration and replication in heterogeneous environments. Furthermore, the study includes a critical assessment of the extent to which the system meets the concept of Zero Energy, based on the balance between energy generation and consumption over the analyzed period. The research provides technical insights for replicating sustainable solutions in remote regions, proposing a reference model for projects that aim to integrate electric mobility, renewable energy, and energy resilience in tropical contexts.