A violência sexual e outros motivos para o acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes: um estudo comparativo

Abstract

This masters thesis aims to describe and compare the biossociodemographic and institutional profile characteristics of a sample of children and adolescents hosted in residential cares distributed in two groups, based on the reason for the reception: sexual violence and other reasons. It consists of a descriptive study with quantitative analysis of data extracted from documentary research. The sample comprise 458 medical records: 220 were children and 238 were adolescents from 15 institutions in the Metropolitan Region of Belém in 2012. The information in the medical records was documented in a biosociodemographic and institutional profile characterization form. For the analysis of the data, the sample was divided into two groups: G1, welcomed due to sexual violence, and G2, hosted for other reasons. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed by using the SPSS software. The results reveal that sexual violence (G1) was the reason for the reception for 67 cases (14.6%), and other reasons (G2), for 391 cases (85.4%). Concerning the biosociodemographic characteristics of the patients, in the G1, the majority (82.1%) were girls, were between 16 and 19 years old (32.8%), and attended elementary school (73.1%). On the other hand, G2 was predominantly boys (53.7%), aged 0-6 years (32.9%). Regarding the institutional profile, in G1 the majority had already been accepted before (50.7%), spent more than two years in the institution (34.6%) and remained there in the research period, while most people in G2 were in their first reception (57.3%), spent a maximum of one year in the institution (57.8%), and returned to the family of origin after this moment (28.9%). It was also identified that G1 average rank was higher for the variables age (G1= 282,62; G2= 218,57) and total reception time (G1= 278,50; G2= 202,22), with a statistically significant difference between the average of G1 and G2 (U= 9338,500; p<0,001; U= 7339,500; p<0,001). In summary, adolescent girls are the main victims of sexual violence, and children and adolescents received for this reason spend more time in the institution and have greater difficulties to return to the family of origin than those accepted for other reasons. With these results, I hope to help in the adoption of caring practices that strategically seek to minimize the effects of sexual violence and the non-revictimization of children and adolescents in the institutional context.